Social support and pre-operative anxiety in patients undergoing elective surgical procedures: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Pre-operative anxiety may adversely affect post-operative recovery and treatment satisfaction. This systematic review assessed the impact of social support on pre-operative anxiety in elective surgery patients. MEDLINE via Ovid, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus, Emcare and LILACS were searched for publications (1950-2021).

Preclinical Development of the Class-I-Selective Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor OKI-179 for the Treatment of Solid Tumors.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play critical roles in epigenomic regulation, and histone acetylation is dysregulated in many human cancers. Although HDAC inhibitors are active in T-cell lymphomas, poor isoform selectivity, narrow therapeutic indices, and a deficiency of reliable biomarkers may contribute to the lack of efficacy in solid tumors. In this article, we report the discovery and preclinical development of the novel, orally bioavailable, class-I-selective HDAC inhibitor, OKI-179.

CariesCare International adapted for the pandemic in children: Caries OUT multicentre single-group interventional study protocol.

Background: Comprehensive caries care has shown effectiveness in controlling caries progression and improving health outcomes by controlling caries risk, preventing initial-caries lesions progression, and patient satisfaction. To date, the caries-progression control effectiveness of the patient-centred risk-based CariesCare International (CCI) system, derived from ICCMS™ for the practice (2019), remains unproven. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic a previously planned multi-centre RCT shifted to this "Caries OUT" study, aiming to assess in a single-intervention group in children, the caries-control effectiveness of CCI adapted for the pandemic with non-aerosols generating procedures (non-AGP) and reducing in-office time.

The effect of malocclusion on dating prospects.

Objective: To establish whether the appearance of malocclusion affected dating prospects. The secondary objective was to identify any significant predictors relating to likelihood of dating.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

The proteostasis network provides targets for neurodegeneration.

The production, quality control, and degradation of proteins are a tightly controlled process necessary for cell health. In order to regulate this process, cells rely upon a network of molecular chaperone proteins that bind misfolded proteins and help them fold correctly. In addition, some molecular chaperones can target terminally misfolded proteins for degradation.

Does dental appearance affect employment prospects: a prospective cross-sectional study.

Objective: The principal aim was to establish whether dental appearance affects employment prospects, and if so a secondary aim was to ascertain whether there is a difference between public-facing and non-public-facing jobs.

Design: A prospective cross-sectional experimental analogue study.

Participants: Ninety undergraduates studying at London Metropolitan University School of Business.

Mechanistic basis of an epistatic interaction reducing age at onset in hereditary spastic paraplegia.

Many genetic neurological disorders exhibit variable expression within affected families, often exemplified by variations in disease age at onset. Epistatic effects (i.e.

Lessons learned on recruitment and retention in hard-to-reach families in a phase III randomised controlled trial of preparatory information for children undergoing general anaesthesia.

Background: Recruitment and retention are documented as two of the most difficult elements of conducting clinical trials. These issues are even more challenging in paediatric trials, particularly when the families being recruited and retained are deemed 'hard to reach'.

Methods: Through the authors' own reflection on the conduct of the trial this paper examines recruitment and retention with hard to reach families from the perspective of a recently completed clinical trial on preparatory information for children undergoing general anaesthesia for tooth extractions in which approximately 83% of those approached and eligible agreed to participate.

Defects in ER-endosome contacts impact lysosome function in hereditary spastic paraplegia.

Contacts between endosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) promote endosomal tubule fission, but the mechanisms involved and consequences of tubule fission failure are incompletely understood. We found that interaction between the microtubule-severing enzyme spastin and the ESCRT protein IST1 at ER-endosome contacts drives endosomal tubule fission. Failure of fission caused defective sorting of mannose 6-phosphate receptor, with consequently disrupted lysosomal enzyme trafficking and abnormal lysosomal morphology, including in mouse primary neurons and human stem cell-derived neurons.

Patient's expectations of lingual orthodontic treatment: a qualitative study.

Objective: To investigate patients' expectations of lingual orthodontic treatment.

Design: In-depth interviews were conducted. A framework analysis was carried out to identify themes, concepts and a typology.

An Automated Image Analysis System to Quantify Endosomal Tubulation.

Recycling of cargos from early endosomes requires regulation of endosomal tubule formation and fission. This regulation is disrupted in cells depleted of the microtubule severing enzyme spastin, causing elongation of endosomal tubules and mis-trafficking of recycling endosomal cargos such as the transferrin receptor. Spastin is encoded by SPAST, mutations in which are the most frequent cause of autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia, a condition characterised by a progressive loss of lower limb function resulting from upper motor neuron axonopathy.

p53 Family Members Regulate Phenotypic Response to Aurora Kinase A Inhibition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. Advances in the treatment of TNBC have been hampered by the lack of novel effective targeted therapies. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of targeting Aurora kinase A (AurA), a key regulator of mitosis, in TNBC models.

Managing oral hygiene as a risk factor for periodontal disease: a systematic review of psychological approaches to behaviour change for improved plaque control in periodontal management.

Background: Plaque control in patients with periodontal disease is critically dependent upon self-care through specific oral hygiene-related behaviours.

Objectives: To determine the relationship between adherence to oral hygiene instructions in adult periodontal patients and psychological constructs. To determine the effect of interventions based on psychological constructs on oral health-related behaviour in adult periodontal patients.

Dual pharmacological targeting of the MAP kinase and PI3K/mTOR pathway in preclinical models of colorectal cancer.

Background: The activation of the MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways is implicated in the majority of cancers. Activating mutations in both of these pathways has been described in colorectal cancer (CRC), thus indicating their potential as therapeutic targets. This study evaluated the combination of a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor (PF-04691502/PF-502) in combination with a MEK inhibitor (PD-0325901/PD-901) in CRC cell lines and patient-derived CRC tumor xenograft models (PDTX).

Improving access to preparatory information for children undergoing general anaesthesia for tooth extraction and their families: study protocol for a Phase III randomized controlled trial.

Background: Children can find anaesthesia induction especially distressing and postoperative psychological and physical morbidity are common. Preparation programmes for general anaesthesia (GA) are highly effective in reducing this distress. A Phase II study has already verified the effectiveness of a prototype preoperative GA-coping computer game to help children cope with induction in a dental GA setting.

Perceived changes by peer group of social impact associated with combined orthodontic-surgical correction of class III malocclusion.

Objectives: Whereas the psychosocial benefits of orthognathic treatment for the individual patient are established, there is little data relating to social perceptions in relation to changes in facial appearance as a result of combined orthodontic and orthognathic treatment. This study aimed to investigate the social impact of combined orthodontic-orthognathic surgical correction for class III malocclusion in Caucasian subjects.

Methods: This cross-sectional study compared perceptions of facial appearance prior to and after orthognathic correction of class III malocclusion.

Overcoming IGF1R/IR resistance through inhibition of MEK signaling in colorectal cancer models.

Purpose: Results from clinical trials involving resistance to molecularly targeted therapies have revealed the importance of rational single-agent and combination treatment strategies. In this study, we tested the efficacy of a type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R)/insulin receptor (IR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, OSI-906, in combination with a mitogen-activated protein (MAP)-ERK kinase (MEK) 1/2 inhibitor based on evidence that the MAP kinase pathway was upregulated in colorectal cancer cell lines that were resistant to OSI-906.

Experimental Design: The antiproliferative effects of OSI-906 and the MEK 1/2 inhibitor U0126 were analyzed both as single agents and in combination in 13 colorectal cancer cell lines in vitro.

Sterol metabolism regulates neuroserpin polymer degradation in the absence of the unfolded protein response in the dementia FENIB.

Mutants of neuroserpin are retained as polymers within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of neurones to cause the autosomal dominant dementia familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies or FENIB. The cellular consequences are unusual in that the ordered polymers activate the ER overload response (EOR) in the absence of the canonical unfolded protein response. We use both cell lines and Drosophila models to show that the G392E mutant of neuroserpin that forms polymers is degraded by UBE2j1 E2 ligase and Hrd1 E3 ligase while truncated neuroserpin, a protein that lacks 132 amino acids, is degraded by UBE2g2 (E2) and gp78 (E3) ligases.

Rational combination of a MEK inhibitor, selumetinib, and the Wnt/calcium pathway modulator, cyclosporin A, in preclinical models of colorectal cancer.

Purpose: The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a crucial regulator of cell proliferation, survival, and resistance to apoptosis. MEK inhibitors are being explored as a treatment option for patients with KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer who are not candidates for EGFR-directed therapies. Initial clinical results of MEK inhibitors have yielded limited single-agent activity in colorectal cancer, indicating that rational combination strategies are needed.

Predictive biomarkers of sensitivity to the aurora and angiogenic kinase inhibitor ENMD-2076 in preclinical breast cancer models.

Purpose: The Aurora kinases are a family of conserved serine-threonine kinases with key roles in mitotic cell division. As with other promising anticancer targets, patient selection strategies to identify a responsive subtype will likely be required for successful clinical development of Aurora kinase inhibitors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antitumor activity of the Aurora and angiogenic kinase inhibitor ENMD-2076 against preclinical models of breast cancer with identification of candidate predictive biomarkers.

Dental tooth surface loss and quality of life in university students.

Aim: To determine the relationship between toothwear into dentine and oral health-related quality of life impacts in a sample of university students not attending for dental treatment.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1010 university students was undertaken. Clinical examination, including the Smith & Knight (1984) index of tooth erosion, was performed and completion of the Oral Health Impact Profile-49 (OHIP-49) measure of oral health-related quality of life was arranged.

An appraisal of the quality of published qualitative dental research.

Objectives: To appraise the quality of published qualitative research in dentistry and identify aspects of quality, which require attention in future research.

Methods: Qualitative research studies on dental topics were appraised using the critical appraisal skills programme (CASP) appraisal framework for qualitative research. The percentage of CASP criteria fully met during the assessment was used as an indication of the quality of each paper.

What is the role of senior house officer or dental foundation year two posts in professional careers? Exploring the motivations for, and perceived benefits of, undertaking SHO posts in two London hospitals.

Aims: To investigate the motivations for, and perceived benefits of, undertaking senior house officer (SHO) posts, and to explore the career pathways of those who do, examining trends in successive cohorts.

Method: Postal cross-sectional questionnaire survey of all dental and maxillofacial SHOs (DF2s) who had worked for two South London hospitals within the previous nine years (n=137). Respondents were grouped into three cohorts to enable responses to be examined in relation to respondents' entry to their first SHO post.

A qualitative investigation of the experiences of immigrant dentists working in New Zealand.

Objectives: To determine the nature of problems experienced by overseas-trained dentists settling in New Zealand (NZ), and to ascertain what can be done to improve their experiences.

Design: Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews.

Subjects And Methods: A convenience sample of fourteen overseas-qualified dentists was selected and individuals invited to participate in a semi-structured interview.