Comparing the different phenotypes of diabetes in pregnancy: Are outcomes worse for women with young-onset type 2 diabetes compared to type 1 diabetes?

Aims: Pregnancies are increasingly affected by young-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (YT2DM), an aggressive phenotype associated with a higher vascular risk profile compared to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We compared pregnancy outcomes to illuminate areas where differing management guidance might be needed.

Methods: This retrospective single-centre study (2010 2019) included 259 singleton pregnancies affected by pregestational T1DM (N = 124) or YT2DM (N = 135) diagnosed at < 40 years.

An Enhanced SMS Text Message-Based Support and Reminder Program for Young Adults With Type 2 Diabetes (TEXT2U): Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Clinic attendance, metabolic control, engagement in self-management, and psychological health are suboptimal in young-onset (age of onset <40 years) type 2 diabetes.

Objective: We examined the effectiveness of an enhanced SMS text message-based support and reminder program in improving clinic attendance, metabolic control, engagement in self-management, and psychological health in young-onset type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A 12-month, parallel-arm, randomized controlled trial comparing an enhanced, semipersonalized SMS text message-based intervention (incorporating 1-8 supportive and/or informative text messages per month) against standard care was conducted in a specialized clinic for young adult type 2 diabetes.

Young adult onset type 2 diabetes versus type 1 diabetes: Progression to and survival on renal replacement therapy.

Background: Young-onset type 2 diabetes is an aggressive disease characterized by development of diabetic complications, including nephropathy, early in the disease course. However, within the cohort of young-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes there are limited comparative data regarding progression to ESKD requiring renal replacement therapy or renal-related death (RRT/RRD).

Methods: Probabilistic linkage of data from the RPAH Diabetes Centre, National Death Index and Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry was undertaken.

Secular Trends in Information Communications Technology: Access, Use, and Attitudes of Young and Older Patients With Diabetes.

Background: Advances in information communications technology (ICT) provide opportunities for enhanced diabetes care. Knowledge of the more acceptable communication modalities in patients of different ages will help to inform the direction of future innovations.

Methods: An anonymous ICT survey (examining access and use of mobile phones, computers, tablets, and the Internet and attitudes toward e-mail, Web-based consultations, and online peer-support) was conducted at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Diabetes Centre in Sydney, Australia.

Maternal vs paternal diabetes: The parental history is different in younger onset versus older onset type 2 diabetes.

Background: A number of previous studies exploring family history of type 2 diabetes have reported a predominance of maternal diabetes. These studies have not explicitly compared parental history of diabetes across the spectrum of disease onset from youth to later adulthood.

Methods: Family history data from 11,467 patients with type 2 diabetes were extracted from the RPA Diabetes Centre database.

Antiviral Activity and Resistance Profile of the Next-Generation Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease Inhibitor Glecaprevir.

Glecaprevir (formerly ABT-493) is a novel hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitor (PI) with pangenotypic activity. It inhibited the enzymatic activity of purified NS3/4A proteases from HCV genotypes 1 to 6 (half-maximal [50%] inhibitory concentration = 3.5 to 11.

Cardiac Effects of Sulfonylurea-Related Hypoglycemia.

Objective: To determine the effect of sulfonylurea-related hypoglycemia on cardiac repolarization and ectopy in the setting of well-controlled type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Thirty subjects with sulfonylurea-treated type 2 diabetes underwent 48 h of concurrent continuous glucose monitoring and ambulatory electrocardiography. Ventricular repolarization (QTc) and QT dynamicity were analyzed during periods of hypoglycemia (<3.

An unusual presentation of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.

Unlabelled: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a rare genetic condition caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene that result in accumulation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in various tissues. This leads to demyelination in the CNS and impaired steroidogenesis in the adrenal cortex and testes. A 57-year-old gentleman was referred for the assessment of bilateral gynaecomastia of 6 months duration.

In vitro and in vivo antiviral activity and resistance profile of the hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease inhibitor ABT-450.

The development of direct-acting antiviral agents is a promising therapeutic advance in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, rapid emergence of drug resistance can limit efficacy and lead to cross-resistance among members of the same drug class. ABT-450 is an efficacious inhibitor of HCV NS3/4A protease, with 50% effective concentration values of 1.

Relative replication capacity and selective advantage profiles of protease inhibitor-resistant hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease mutants in the HCV genotype 1b replicon system.

We characterized the selective advantage profiles of a panel of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease mutants with three HCV protease inhibitors (PIs), BILN-2061, ITMN-191, and VX-950, using a genotype 1b HCV replicon system. Selective advantage curves were generated by a novel mathematical method that factors in the degree of drug susceptibility provided by the mutation, the base-level replication capacity of the mutant in the absence of drugs, and the overall viral replication levels as a function of drug concentration. Most of the mutants showed significantly increased selective advantages over the wild-type species upon drug treatment.