Prevalence, correlates, and trends in tobacco use and cessation among current, former, and never adult marijuana users with a history of tobacco use, 2005-2014.

Background: Approximately 70% of current (past 30-day) adult marijuana users are current tobacco users, which may complicate tobacco cessation. We assessed prevalence and trends in tobacco cessation among adult ever tobacco users, by marijuana use status.

Methods: Data came from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a cross-sectional, nationally representative, household survey of U.

Quit Methods Used by US Adult Cigarette Smokers, 2014-2016.

To quantify the prevalence of 10 quit methods commonly used by adult cigarette smokers, we used data from a nationally representative longitudinal (2014-2016) online survey of US adult cigarette smokers (n = 15,943). Overall, 74.7% of adult current cigarette smokers used multiple quit methods during their most recent quit attempt.

Patterns of marijuana and tobacco use associated with suboptimal self-rated health among US adult ever users of marijuana.

The purpose of this study was to examine the patterns of marijuana and tobacco use and their associations with suboptimal self-rated health (SRH) among US adults who reported "ever, even once, using marijuana or hashish." Data came from the 2009-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, restricting to respondents aged 20 years and older who reported using marijuana at least once in their lifetime (n = 3,210). We assessed the age-adjusted prevalence of mutually exclusive groups of regular (at least once a month for more than one year) and non-regular marijuana smoking by current (serum cotinine ≥ 3.

Toking, Vaping, and Eating for Health or Fun: Marijuana Use Patterns in Adults, U.S., 2014.

Introduction: Policies legalizing marijuana for medical and recreational use have been increasing in the U.S. Considering the potential impact of these policies, important knowledge gaps exist, including information about the prevalence of various modes of marijuana use (e.

State laws prohibiting sales to minors and indoor use of electronic nicotine delivery systems--United States, November 2014.

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), including electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and other devices such as electronic hookahs, electronic cigars, and vape pens, are battery-powered devices capable of delivering aerosolized nicotine and additives to the user. Experimentation with and current use of e-cigarettes has risen sharply among youths and adults in the United States. Youth access to and use of ENDS is of particular concern given the potential adverse effects of nicotine on adolescent brain development.

Lung cancer incidence trends among men and women--United States, 2005-2009.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death and the second most commonly diagnosed cancer (excluding skin cancer) among men and women in the United States. Although lung cancer can be caused by environmental exposures, most efforts to prevent lung cancer emphasize tobacco control because 80%-90% of lung cancers are attributed to cigarette smoking and secondhand smoke. One sentinel health consequence of tobacco use is lung cancer, and one way to measure the impact of tobacco control is by examining trends in lung cancer incidence rates, particularly among younger adults.

Patient-reported recall of smoking cessation interventions from a health professional.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of current cigarette smokers who report receiving health care provider interventions ('5A's': ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange) for smoking cessation.

Methods: Data came from the 2009-2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey, a telephone survey of United States adults aged ≥ 18 years. Among current cigarette smokers who reported visiting a health professional in the past year (n=16,542), estimates were calculated overall and by sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, income, health insurance coverage, and sexual orientation.

Quitline cessation counseling for young adult smokers: a randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: One in 5 young adults in the United States currently smoke, and young adults are less likely than other smokers to make aided quit attempts. Telephone quitlines may be a useful tool for treating this population. This study tested a quitline-based smoking cessation intervention versus mailed self-help materials in smokers 18-24 years old.

Enhancing tobacco quitline effectiveness: identifying a superior pharmacotherapy adjuvant.

Introduction: Telephone tobacco quitlines are effective and are widely used, with more than 500,000 U.S. callers in 2010.

Fax referrals, academic detailing, and tobacco quitline use: a randomized trial.

Background: Fax referral programs quickly and economically can link smokers' visiting primary care clinics to state-based telephone quitlines. Yet, it is unclear how to optimize use of this strategy.

Purpose: To evaluate the potential of enhanced academic detailing in clinics (i.

Cost-effectiveness of varenicline and three different behavioral treatment formats for smoking cessation.

There is a lack of evidence of the relative cost-effectiveness of proactive telephone counseling (PTC) and Web-based delivery of smoking cessation services in conjunction with pharmacotherapy. We calculated the differential cost-effectiveness of three behavioral smoking cessation modalities with varenicline treatment in a randomized trial of current smokers from a large health system. Eligible participants were randomized to one of three smoking cessation interventions: Web-based counseling (n=401), PTC (n=402), or combined PTC-Web counseling (n=399).

Utilization of services in a randomized trial testing phone- and web-based interventions for smoking cessation.

Introduction: Phone counseling has become standard for behavioral smoking cessation treatment. Newer options include Web and integrated phone-Web treatment. No prior research, to our knowledge, has systematically compared the effectiveness of these three treatment modalities in a randomized trial.

Behavioral counseling and varenicline treatment for smoking cessation.

Background: Smoking remains the primary preventable cause of death and illness in the U.S. Effective, convenient treatment programs are needed to reduce smoking prevalence.

Impact of symptoms experienced by varenicline users on tobacco treatment in a real world setting.

This article examines reported symptoms, nonsmoking rates, and medication use among 1,018 smokers using varenicline in a randomized trial comparing three forms of behavioral support for smoking cessation (phone, Web, or phone + Web). One month after beginning varenicline, 168 people (17%) had discontinued the medication. Most (53%) quit due to side effects and other symptoms.

Nicotine patches and uninsured quitline callers. A randomized trial of two versus eight weeks.

Background: State-level tobacco quitlines are integrating nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) into service. Because of funding limitations some provide short courses of NRT. No randomized trial has evaluated the relative benefit of short versus standard treatment.

Quitlines a tool for research and dissemination of evidence-based cessation practices.

Quitlines in the United States have grown dramatically over the past 15 years, from one state and a handful of health plans to all 50 states and over 200 health plans and employers. Over half a million tobacco users received help from state quitlines alone in 2005. Research to confirm and improve quitline effectiveness also has burgeoned, with multiple meta-analyses confirming a dose-related treatment effect.

The effectiveness and cost effectiveness of telephone counselling and the nicotine patch in a state tobacco quitline.

Objectives: State and national tobacco quitlines have expanded rapidly and offer a range of services. We examined the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of offering callers single session versus multisession counselling, with or without free nicotine patches.

Methods: This 3x2 randomised trial included 4614 Oregon tobacco quitline callers and compared brief (one 15-minute call), moderate (one 30-minute call and a follow-up call) and intensive (five proactive calls) intervention protocols, with or without offers of free nicotine patches (nicotine replacement therapy, NRT).

The feasibility of connecting physician offices to a state-level tobacco quit line.

Background: Telephone counseling for tobacco cessation is an effective and evidence-based approach to address tobacco use. The wide dissemination of region- and state-level quit lines has been a major goal for public health agencies. However, connecting patients in primary care settings to state-level quit lines has not been evaluated.

Return on investment of different combinations of bupropion SR dose and behavioral treatment for smoking cessation in a health care setting: an employer's perspective.

Unlabelled: The net benefit (i.e., benefits minus costs) of sustained-release (SR) bupropion for smoking cessation from an employer's perspective has previously been evaluated in clinical trials including frequent, in-person behavioral counseling and manufacturer recommended dosing but not in actual practice settings and lower dosing.

Depressed mood and smoking experimentation among preteens.

The authors examined children's depressed mood, parental depressed mood, and parental smoking in relation to children's smoking susceptibility and experimentation over 20 months in a cohort of 418 preteens (ages 10-12 at baseline) and their parents. Depressed mood in preteens was strongly related to experimentation but not to susceptibility. In cross-sectional analyses parental depressed mood was related to children's experimentation, but in longitudinal analyses parental depressed mood at baseline did not differentiate children who experimented from those who did not.

Cost-effectiveness of different combinations of bupropion SR dose and behavioral treatment for smoking cessation: a societal perspective.

Objectives: To determine the differential cost effectiveness of 2 dosing regimens of bupropion sustained release (SR) in combination with behavioral interventions of minimal intensity (tailored mailings [TM]) or moderate intensity (proactive telephone calls [PTC]) for smoking cessation in an actual practice setting.

Study Design: Open-label, randomized trial, with 1-year follow-up, conducted in a large health system based in Seattle, Washington.

Methods: A total of 1524 adult smokers interested in quitting smoking were randomly assigned to receive 150 mg bupropion SR daily and PTC (n = 382), 150 mg bupropion SR daily and TM (n = 381), 300 mg bupropion SR daily and PTC (n = 383), or 300 mg bupropion SR daily and TM (n = 378).

Bupropion SR and smoking cessation in actual practice: methods for recruitment, screening, and exclusion for a field trial in a managed-care setting.

Background: Little is known about the effectiveness of bupropion SR for smoking cessation outside the context of clinical efficacy trials, where in-person screening and treatment occur at a higher level than provided in a typical health care system. This article describes the methods for recruitment, screening for exclusions, and resulting sample in a field trial of bupropion SR undertaken in a managed-care setting.

Methods: A total of 2979 telephone interviews were conducted to screen and identify eligible volunteers using a detailed protocol that allowed for consultation with study physicians when necessary.

Effectiveness of telephone support in increasing physical activity levels in primary care patients.

Background: Physician counseling of patients to increase physical activity has had limited success in changing behavior. Providing organizational support to primary care providers and their patients may increase effectiveness.

Objective: This study evaluates the effectiveness of a telephone-based intervention to increase physical activity among patients who exercised <15 minutes daily and wanted to increase their physical activity over a 6-month period.