Correction to: Open resection of hypothalamic hamartomas for intractable epilepsy revisited, using intraoperative MRI.

The authors apologize to have sent a final manuscript draft omitting "Athanasius Chawira" from the list of authors. The correct list of authors is given in this article.The original article has been corrected.

Open resection of hypothalamic hamartomas for intractable epilepsy revisited, using intraoperative MRI.

Introduction: Hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) are rare non-neoplastic lesions which cause drug-resistant epilepsy with associated behavioural, psychiatric and endocrine issues. With the development of new minimally invasive techniques for the treatment of HH, there is a need to reappraise the effectiveness and safety of each approach. We review the outcomes of HH patients treated surgically, utilizing intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (IOMRI), by a team of Alder Hey NHS Foundation Trust tumour and epilepsy neurosurgeons since 2011.

Drug management for acute tonic-clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children.

Background: Tonic-clonic convulsions and convulsive status epilepticus (currently defined as a tonic-clonic convulsion lasting at least 30 minutes) are medical emergencies and require urgent and appropriate anticonvulsant treatment. International consensus is that an anticonvulsant drug should be administered for any tonic-clonic convulsion that has been continuing for at least five minutes. Benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam) are traditionally regarded as first-line drugs and phenobarbital, phenytoin and paraldehyde as second-line drugs.

Social cognition in children with epilepsy in mainstream education.

Aim: To establish whether deficits in social cognition are present in children with generalized or focal epilepsy in mainstream education, and whether any relation exists between social cognition, communication, and behaviour measures.

Method: In a cross-sectional study, children with an epilepsy-only diagnoses in mainstream education (n=20 with generalized epilepsy; eight males, 12 females; mean age 11y 6mo, SD 2y 6mo; and n=27 with focal epilepsy; 12 males, 15 females; mean age 11y 8mo, SD 2y 2mo) and comparison participants (n=57; 28 males, 29 females; mean age 11y 2mo, SD 2y 4mo) were administered the Strange Stories task and the Mind in the Eyes task, as well as an IQ assessment. Parents completed the Children's Communication Checklist-2 and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).

Effect of reducing the recording time of standard EEGs on the detection of EEG-abnormalities in the management of the epilepsies of childhood.

Purpose: The ILAE recommends baseline recordings of 30 min to detect abnormalities supporting a clinical diagnosis of epilepsy in children. A shorter recording time may be better tolerated by children and be more resource-efficient. Our aim was to determine how many abnormalities supporting a diagnosis of epilepsy would be missed by reducing the recording time of paediatric standard electroencephalograms (EEGs) from 20 to 15 min.

Effectiveness and tolerability of zonisamide in children with epilepsy: a retrospective review.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of zonisamide in children with epilepsy.

Method: Retrospective case note review of young people (less than 19 years) with epilepsy from three UK tertiary centres who received treatment with zonisamide and were followed up for a minimum of 12 months.

Results: Fifty-seven children were included, aged 1.

Best clinical and research practice in pediatric neurology.

Many children with epilepsy experience it as part of a broader disability. The cause is often a developmental, genetic, or early acquired abnormality associated with learning difficulties and impairments in other systems. In addition, it has become increasingly recognized in recent years that even children with so-called idiopathic generalized epilepsies may have specific language or cognitive impairments.

Drug management for acute tonic-clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children.

Background: Tonic-clonic (grand mal) convulsions and convulsive status epilepticus (currently defined as a grand mal convulsion lasting at least 30 minutes) are medical emergencies and demand urgent and appropriate anticonvulsant treatment. Benzodiazepines (midazolam, diazepam, lorazepam), phenobarbitone, phenytoin and paraldehyde may all be regarded as drugs of first choice. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2002 and previously updated in 2005.

Epilepsy with reversible bulbar dysfunction.

In patients with focal epilepsy, focal neurological dysfunction can occur due to status epilepticus and also as a post-ictal phenomenon. Bulbar dysfunction as evident by drooling, dysarthria, swallowing difficulties, and palatal-glossalpharyngeal weakness has been reported in conjunction with epilepsy. This is non-progressive and is correlated in its severity with the frequency of seizures.