Severe Hypomagnesemia and Hypocalcemia Linked to Semaglutide in Type 2 Diabetes: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Although hypomagnesemia is common in type 2 diabetes, clinical presentations with severe hypomagnesemia are rare. A number of oral blood glucose-lowering medications can reduce serum magnesium concentrations, and several severe cases have been reported in the presence of marked glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA)-associated gastrointestinal adverse effects. In the present case, an acute presentation with severe hypomagnesemia was likely due to polypharmacy including semaglutide, albeit with a delayed relationship to discontinuation of this GLP-1RA, due to nausea and vomiting.

The relationship between serum HDL-cholesterol, cardiovascular disease and mortality in community-based people with type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study phase 2.

Background: Older general population-based studies found an inverse association between serum HDL-cholesterol and both cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and mortality, but more recent data have suggested a U-shaped relationship. Whether this applies to type 2 diabetes is uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations in representative, community-based participants from the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II (FDS2).

Application of a validated prognostic plasma protein biomarker test for renal decline in type 2 diabetes to type 1 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II.

Background: There are scant data relating to prognostic biomarkers for chronic kidney disease (CKD) complicating type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the plasma protein biomarker-based PromarkerD test developed and validated for predicting renal decline in type 2 diabetes in the context of type 1 diabetes.

Methods: The baseline PromarkerD test score was determined in 91 community-based individuals (mean age 46.

The inter-relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection, dementia and mortality in type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase I.

Background: Given sparse relevant data, the aim of this study was to determine whether Helicobacter pylori infection, including cytotoxin-associated gene-A (CagA) producing strains, is associated with dementia in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods: Longitudinal data from 1115 participants in the community-based Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase I (mean age 64.0 years, 48.

Effect of prior gestational diabetes on the risk of cardiovascular disease and death in women with type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II.

Background: To examine whether prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with prevalent coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and all-cause mortality, in community-based women with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Baseline prevalences of CHD/CeVD/PAD/prior GDM were determined in 718 females (mean ± SD age 65.5 ± 11.

Prevalence and prognostic significance of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in community-based people with type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II.

Background: There is a paucity of contemporary data on the prevalence and prognostic significance of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) from community-based cohorts with type 2 diabetes assessed using gold standard methods. The aim of this study was to assess these aspects of CAN in the longitudinal observational Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II (FDS2).

Methods: FDS2 participants were screened at baseline using standardised cardiovascular reflex tests (CARTs) of heart rate variation during deep breathing, Valsalva manoeuvre and standing.

Not enough known about fenofibrate's kidney effects in people with Type 2 diabetes.

Globally ≈10% of adults have diabetes, with 80% in disadvantaged regions, hence low-cost renoprotective agents are desirable. Fenofibrate demonstrated microvascular benefits in several cardiovascular end-point diabetes trials, but knowledge of effects in late-stage kidney disease is limited. We report new FIELD substudy data and call for further kidney outcomes data.

Use of a type 1 genetic risk score for classification of diabetes type in young Australian adults: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II.

The applicability of a UK-validated genetic risk score (GRS) was assessed in 158 participants in the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II diagnosed between 20 and <40 years of age with type 1 or type 2 diabetes or latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). For type 1 versus type 2/LADA, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was highest for serum C-peptide (0.93) and lowest for the GRS (0.

Pulmonary Function Trajectories Over 6 Years and Their Determinants in Type 2 Diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II.

Objective: To assess whether there are clusters of people with type 2 diabetes with distinct temporal profiles of lung function changes and characteristics.

Research Design And Methods: Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) identified groups of participants with type 2 diabetes from the community-based observational Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II (FDS2) who had at least two biennial measurements of forced expiratory volume in 1 s as a percentage of predicted (FEV1%pred) over 6 years. Independent associates of group membership were assessed using multinomial regression.

The Clinical Relevance of Diabetes Distress versus Major Depression in Type 2 Diabetes: A Latent Class Analysis from the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II.

Background: The nosological position and clinical relevance of the concept of diabetes distress (DD) are uncertain. The aim of this study was to use latent class analysis (LCA) to categorise classes of people with type 2 diabetes and to compare their characteristics.

Methods: Data from 662 participants in the longitudinal observational Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II were analysed.

The Relationship between Pulmonary Artery Pressure and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes: A Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II and National Echocardiographic Database of Australia Data Linkage Study.

An elevated estimated right ventricular systolic pressure (eRVSP) identified on echocardiography is present in one-third of individuals with type 2 diabetes, but its prognostic significance is unknown. To assess the relationship between eRVSP and mortality, prospective data from 1732 participants in the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II were linked with the National Echocardiographic Database of Australia. Of this cohort, 416 (mean age 70.

Temporal Trends in Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study.

Context: Macrovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes have improved over recent decades. There are scant equivalent distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) data.

Objective: This work aimed to characterize temporal changes in DSPN prevalence and incidence rates (IRs) in community-based Australians.

The relationship between glycated haemoglobin and blood glucose-lowering treatment trajectories in type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II.

Aims: To examine the relationships between glycaemia and treatment complexity over 6 years in well-characterized community-based people with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II participants who had type 2 diabetes with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood glucose-lowering therapy (BGLT) data over 6 years were included. Group-based multi-trajectory modelling identified combined HbA1c/BGLT trajectory subgroups for diabetes durations of ≤1.

Temporal trends in chronic complications of diabetes by sex in community-based people with type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study.

Background: Whether recent reductions in cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and mortality in type 2 diabetes apply equally to both sexes is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize temporal changes in CVD events and related outcomes in community-based male and female Australian adults with type 2 diabetes or without known diabetes.

Methods: Participants from the longitudinal observational Fremantle Diabetes Study Phases I (FDS1; n = 1291 recruited 1993-1996) and II (FDS2; n = 1509 recruited 2008-2011) and four age-, sex- and postcode-matched individuals without diabetes (FDS1 n = 5159; FDS2 n = 6036) were followed for first myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure hospitalization, lower extremity amputation, CVD death and all-cause mortality.

Serum vitamin B12, distal symmetrical polyneuropathy and anaemia in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase 2.

Background: There are limited data relating to the effects of metformin-associated vitamin B12 deficiency on the risk of distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSPN) and megaloblastic anaemia in well-characterised community-based cohorts.

Aims: To assess inter-relationships between metformin therapy, vitamin B12 deficiency assessed using serum active B12 concentrations, and DSPN and anaemia in 1492 Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase 2 (FDS2) participants with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Prevalence rates of vitamin B12 deficiency (total <80 pmol/L, active <23 pmol/L) and borderline deficiency (total ≥80 and ≤200 pmol/L, active ≥23 and ≤35 pmol/L) were determined using baseline sera.

Comparative mortality and its determinants in community-based people with type 1 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase I.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare mortality in community-based Australians with type 1 diabetes (T1D), without diabetes, or with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Research Design And Methods: The longitudinal observational Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase I (FDS1) T1D cohort, matched people without diabetes from the FDS1 catchment area, and matched FDS1 participants with T2D were followed up from entry (1993-1996) to death/end-2017. Mortality rates (MRs) and mortality rate ratios (MRRs) were calculated.

Group-Based Trajectory Modelling of Changes in Mobility over Six Years in Type 2 Diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II.

To investigate temporal changes in mobility in community-based people with type 2 diabetes, Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II (FDS2) data were analysed. The baseline assessment included the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, which was repeated biennially for up to six years. Group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM) identified TUG trajectory groups in participants with ≥2 tests.

Antibody to Plasmodium falciparum Variant Surface Antigens, var Gene Transcription, and ABO Blood Group in Children With Severe or Uncomplicated Malaria.

Background: Antibodies to variant surface antigens (VSAs) such as Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) may vary with malaria severity. The influence of ABO blood group on antibody development is not understood.

Methods: Immunoglobulin G antibodies to VSAs in Papua New Guinean children with severe (n = 41) or uncomplicated (n = 30) malaria were measured by flow cytometry using homologous P falciparum isolates.

Serum bicarbonate concentration and the risk of death in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II.

Aims: To examine whether all-cause mortality is independently associated with serum bicarbonate concentration below the laboratory reference interval in a representative, well-characterised community-based cohort of people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: 1478 FDS2 participants with type 2 diabetes (mean age 65.8 years, 51.

Short-course, high-dose primaquine regimens for the treatment of liver-stage vivax malaria in children.

Objectives: To assess the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of two high-dose, short-course primaquine (PQ) regimens compared with standard care in children with Plasmodium vivax infections.

Methods: We performed an open-label pediatric dose-escalation study in Madang, Papua New Guinea (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02364583).

Canagliflozin Attenuates PromarkerD Diabetic Kidney Disease Risk Prediction Scores.

PromarkerD is a biomarker-based blood test that predicts kidney function decline in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who may otherwise be missed by current standard of care tests. This study examined the association between canagliflozin and change in PromarkerD score (Δ score) over a three-year period in T2D participants in the CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study (CANVAS). PromarkerD scores were measured at baseline and Year 3 in 2008 participants with preserved kidney function (baseline eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.

Ultra-short course, high-dose primaquine to prevent Plasmodium vivax infection following uncomplicated pediatric malaria: A randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial of early versus delayed treatment.

Objectives: We aimed to assess safety, tolerability, and Plasmodium vivax relapse rates of ultra-short course (3.5 days) high-dose (1 mg/kg twice daily) primaquine (PQ) for uncomplicated malaria because of any Plasmodium species in children randomized to early- or delayed treatment.

Methods: Children aged 0.