Genomic and panproteomic analysis of the development of infant immune responses to antigenically-diverse pneumococci.

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a nasopharyngeal commensal and respiratory pathogen. This study characterises the immunoglobulin G (IgG) repertoire recognising pneumococci from birth to 24 months old (mo) in a prospectively-sampled cohort of 63 children using a panproteome array. IgG levels are highest at birth, due to transplacental transmission of maternal antibodies.

Preexisting anticoagulation is an independent predictor of mortality in geriatric trauma patients - a retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Preexisting anticoagulation is common among geriatric trauma patients. Geriatric trauma patients have a higher risk of mortality compared to younger patients. We sought to evaluate the association of preexisting anticoagulation with mortality in a group of geriatric trauma patients.

Synthesis of Long COVID Symptoms: An Evidence-Based Standardized Mapping Study With the Omaha System.

In COVID-19 survivors, symptom burden is a significant and multifaceted personal and societal challenge. The Omaha system is a standardized terminology used by researchers and clinicians for documentation and analysis of meaningful data for whole-person health. Given the urgent need for a standardized symptom checklist specific to the long COVID population, the purpose of the present study was to identify long COVID symptoms from the published literature (native symptoms) and map those to the Omaha system signs/symptoms terms.

Management of aortic occlusion in a morbidly obese smoker: A case report.

Total occlusion of the abdominal aorta is a rare and life-threatening event. Risk factors most commonly include coagulopathy, vasculitis, trauma, abdominal aortic aneurysms, aortic thromboembolism, and aortic dissection. The most common complications include severe ischemic manifestations in the lower extremities, spinal cord, or viscera.

Factors Predictive of Mortality among Geriatric Patients Sustaining Low-Energy Blunt Trauma.

Background: In geriatric trauma patients, higher mortality rate is observed compared to younger patients. A significant portion of trauma sustained by this age group comes from low-energy mechanisms (fall from standing or sitting). We sought to investigate the outcome of these patients and identify factors associated with mortality.

The Association of Gender and Mortality in Geriatric Trauma Patients.

Unlabelled: The association of gender with mortality in trauma remains a subject of debate. Geriatric trauma patients have a higher risk of mortality compared to younger patients. We sought to evaluate the association of gender with mortality in a group of geriatric trauma patients presenting to an academic level 1 trauma center (trauma center designated by New York State capable of handling the most severe injuries and most complex cases).

Epidural electrical stimulation of the cervical spinal cord opposes opioid-induced respiratory depression.

Opioid overdose suppresses brainstem respiratory circuits, causes apnoea and may result in death. Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) at the cervical spinal cord facilitated motor activity in rodents and humans, and we hypothesized that EES of the cervical spinal cord could antagonize opioid-induced respiratory depression in humans. Eighteen patients requiring surgical access to the dorsal surface of the spinal cord between C2 and C7 received EES or sham stimulation for up to 90 s at 5 or 30 Hz during complete (OFF-State) or partial suppression (ON-State) of respiration induced by remifentanil.

Minimal handgrip force is needed for transcutaneous electrical stimulation to improve hand functions of patients with severe spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord stimulation enhanced restoration of motor function following spinal cord injury (SCI) in unblinded studies. To determine whether training combined with transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation (tSCS), with or without systemic serotonergic treatment with buspirone (busp), could improve hand function in individuals with severe hand paralysis following SCI, we assessed ten subjects in a double-blind, sham-controlled, crossover study. All treatments-busp, tSCS, and the busp plus tSCS-reduced muscle tone and spasm frequency.

Proteome-wide analysis of a malaria vaccine study reveals personalized humoral immune profiles in Tanzanian adults.

Tanzanian adult male volunteers were immunized by direct venous inoculation with radiation-attenuated, aseptic, purified, cryopreserved (Pf) sporozoites (PfSPZ Vaccine) and protective efficacy assessed by homologous controlled human malaria infection (CHMI). Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses were analyzed longitudinally using a Pf protein microarray covering 91% of the proteome, providing first insights into naturally acquired and PfSPZ Vaccine-induced whole parasite antibody profiles in malaria pre-exposed Africans. Immunoreactivity was identified against 2239 functionally diverse Pf proteins, showing a wide breadth of humoral response.

Naturally acquired immunity against immature gametocytes.

The recent decline in global malaria burden has stimulated efforts toward elimination. Understanding the biology of malaria transmission stages may provide opportunities to reduce or prevent onward transmission to mosquitoes. Immature transmission stages, termed stages I to IV gametocytes, sequester in human bone marrow before release into the circulation as mature stage V gametocytes.

Panproteome-wide analysis of antibody responses to whole cell pneumococcal vaccination.

Pneumococcal whole cell vaccines (WCVs) could cost-effectively protect against a greater strain diversity than current capsule-based vaccines. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to a WCV were characterised by applying longitudinally-sampled sera, available from 35 adult placebo-controlled phase I trial participants, to a panproteome microarray. Despite individuals maintaining distinctive antibody 'fingerprints', responses were consistent across vaccinated cohorts.

Diverse evolutionary patterns of pneumococcal antigens identified by pangenome-wide immunological screening.

Characterizing the immune response to pneumococcal proteins is critical in understanding this bacterium's epidemiology and vaccinology. Probing a custom-designed proteome microarray with sera from 35 healthy US adults revealed a continuous distribution of IgG affinities for 2,190 potential antigens from the species-wide pangenome. Reproducibly elevated IgG binding was elicited by 208 "antibody binding targets" (ABTs), which included 109 variants of the diverse pneumococcal surface proteins A and C (PspA and PspC) and zinc metalloprotease A and B (ZmpA and ZmpB) proteins.