Spectrum of Imaging Characteristics of Birdshot Chorioretinopathy.

Birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR) is a bilateral, chronic posterior uveitis with characteristic clinical and imaging findings. Multimodal imaging including optical coherence tomography, fluorescein, and indocyanine green angiography is useful in diagnosis, as well as monitoring disease activity. Cystoid macular edema, choroidal thickening and infiltration, ellipsoid loss, and vasculitis are important imaging markers for disease activity.

MACULAR VOLUME SCAN AS A MARKER OF ANGIOGRAPHIC UVEITIC RETINAL VASCULITIS: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study.

Purpose: To determine whether optical coherence tomography thickness values from macular volume scans can be used to detect uveitic retinal vasculitis.

Methods: Retrospective study of patients with noninfectious retinal vasculitis. Fluorescein angiogram and 61-line optical coherence tomography macular volume scans with an overlying Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy study grid were obtained.

Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of the 0.18 Mg Fluocinolone Acetonide Intravitreal Implant Following Local Corticosteroid Burst in Noninfectious Uveitis.

Purpose: The 0.18 mg fluocinolone acetonide implant (FAi) is marketed for up to 36 months for treatment of noninfectious uveitis. An additional short-term corticosteroid burst prior to the 0.

Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome in Pediatric Patients.

Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome is a disorder that was originally described in 1975. The syndrome, although diagnosed in all age ranges, is more frequently reported in pediatric patients. Diagnosis can be difficult, and its clinical spectrum is still being defined.

Clinical outcomes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a cohort study of patients with care delay due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to both intentional and unintentional care delay among age-related neovascular macular degeneration (nvAMD) patients. Prior studies have demonstrated that patients who discontinue nvAMD treatment for prolonged intervals are at high risk for vision loss, but less is known regarding shorter-term delay, such as during the height of the pandemic. Previous studies have looked at COVID-19 related delay in care and have shown a loss of visual acuity (VA) among these patients, but studies are limited by short follow-up or insufficient comparisons.

Cranial Nerve Palsies in the Setting of Arachnoid Cysts: A Case Series and Literature Review.

Background: Arachnoid cysts (ACs) are benign lesions typically believed to not cause neurologic defects in the adult population and are most often found incidentally on imaging. We describe 2 patients with ACs potentially leading to isolated cranial nerve (CN) dysfunction.

Methods: We describe 2 patients, 1 with a fourth nerve palsy and the other with a sixth nerve palsy found to have ACs on MRI brain imaging in locations that potentially caused a compressive CN palsy.

Multimodal imaging of an acute presentation of ocular histoplasmosis syndrome in an immunocompetent patient.

Purpose: Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS) is a posterior segment disorder that is usually subclinical unless choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) develops. It is thought to be the sequela of a prior systemic infection with , and evidence supporting this association is based on epidemiologic, animal, and few enucleation studies. Acute presentation of chorioretinal involvement during an initial histoplasmosis systemic infection in immunocompetent patients is rarely reported, presumably due to the usual lack of or minimal symptoms of both the systemic and ocular disease.

The Microbiome and Uveitis: A Narrative Review.

The human intestinal microbiome is composed of hundreds of species and has recently been recognized as an important source of immune homeostasis. While dysbiosis, an altered microbiome from the normal core microbiome, has been associated with both intestinal and extraintestinal autoimmune disorders, including uveitis, causality has been difficult to establish. There are four proposed mechanisms of how the gut microbiome may influence the development of uveitis: molecular mimicry, imbalance of regulatory and effector T cells, increased intestinal permeability, and loss of intestinal metabolites.

Low absolute CD4 T cell counts in peripheral blood: an independent predictor of inferior survival in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma-a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Lymphopenia at diagnosis is considered a negative prognostic factor for patients with extra-nodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL), especially that of the absolute cluster of differentiation 4 T cell count (ACD4C), which has previously been identified as an independent prognostic factor in other hematologic malignancies. However, there is limited data available regarding the prognostic value of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets in ENKTL patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of lymphocyte subsets, especially the ACD4C in ENKTL as a clinical biomarker.

Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of cancer: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of cancer are vast and early recognition of a serious ocular condition due to either cancer or its therapy is important for both vision preservation as well as providing valuable treatment and prognostic information regarding the underlying malignancy. This review focuses on direct and indirect effects of cancer on the eye and its adnexa, hematologic malignancy, complications of traditional and novel oncologic therapies, and paraneoplastic syndromes as they relate to the eye as these disorders can lead to potentially devastating or irreversible vision loss.

Methods: PubMed was searched primarily for the following topics: optic nerve infiltration, primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL), ocular paraneoplastic disorders, and ophthalmic complications of cancer therapeutics.

Pharmacologic Mydriasis Secondary to Topical Glycopyrronium Tosylate Cloths: Clinical Characterization From a Multicenter Analysis.

Background: Topical glycopyrronium tosylate (GT) is an anticholinergic medication for treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis. Pharmacologic mydriasis and anisocoria from topical GT has been reported and may be underrecognized. This study aims to clinically characterize patients presenting with pharmacologic mydriasis from exposure to this medication.

The use of multimodal imaging in the evaluation of a patient with central retinal artery occlusion in the setting of asteroid hyalosis: a case report.

Background: A central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is an ophthalmic emergency due to its strong association with cerebrovascular and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A timely diagnosis is necessary but difficult in the setting of dense asteroid hyalosis, as typical fundoscopic findings can be obscured. We present a case where multimodal imaging in an eye with an obscured fundus could lead to timely diagnosis and management of CRAO in a patient with acute vision loss.

Retinal Detachment and Laser Retinopexy Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: At the start of March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic placed an unprecedented burden on the healthcare system. Throughout much of the United States, shelter-in-place orders were imposed to reduce transmission. A consequence of this crisis, risk mitigation orders, and patient fear of exposure may have led to underutilization of emergency services.

Ophthalmic Drug Discovery in the United States over the past Two Decades.

Purpose: Pharmaceutical development has slowed since the turn of the century and there has been recent legislation passed that aims to accelerate drug approval. Ophthalmic drug discovery has unique challenges that may benefit from these legislative changes. We report original pharmaceutical approvals for ophthalmic indications in order to determine whether ophthalmic drug approvals are similarly decreasing.

Ocular Cosmetics: Public Safety Problem or Harmless Products?

Purpose: This perspective explores the safety profile of ocular cosmetics and explores the role ophthalmologists can play in mitigating potential ocular harm from unsafe products.

Methods: N/A.

Results: Cosmetics and personal care products represent a large industry that is currently unregulated in any meaningful way.