Acute effect of exercise on appetite-related factors in males with obesity: A pilot study.

To investigate the role of appetite-related factors, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), irisin, interleukin 7 (IL-7), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and leptin, on appetite perception in males with obesity. Eleven males (BMI 35.3 ± 4.

Prescribing Blood Flow Restricted Exercise: Limb Composition Influences the Pressure Required to Create Arterial Occlusion.

Context: As blood flow restriction gains popularity across different populations (eg, young and older adults) and settings (eg, clinical and sports rehabilitation), the accuracy of blood flow restricted percentage becomes crucial. We aimed to compare manually measured arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) among young adults to understand whether lower limb composition affects the pressure required to achieve AOP. The results will shed light on the adequacy of published calculations used to estimate AOP in practical and research settings.

Hyperglycemia and Central Obesity Disrupt Conditioned Pain Modulation: A Single-Blind Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial.

Hyperglycemia and high adiposity are risk factors for pain in diabetes. To clarify these links with pain, the effects of a glucose load on sensory detection, pain sensitivity, conditioned pain modulation (primary aims), and autonomic and endothelial functions (secondary aims) were examined in 64 pain-free participants: 22 with normal adiposity (determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), 29 with high adiposity, and 13 with combined high adiposity and elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; including prediabetes and type 2 diabetes). Participants ingested either 37.

Exploring the efficacy and safety of a novel standardized ashwagandha () root extract (Witholytin®) in adults experiencing high stress and fatigue in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Stress is a state of homeostasis in the body being challenged, resulting in a systemic response. It has become more prevalent in recent years and affects mental and physical health.

Aims: Evaluate the effects of ashwagandha on stress, fatigue, and sex hormones in overweight or mildly obese men and women with self-reported stress and fatigue.

Examining the associations between testosterone and biomarkers as men age.

Objectives: Testosterone concentrations in men decline with advancing age. However, the cause of the decline is yet to be fully elucidated. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the associations between chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with total testosterone (TT) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), using a large nationally-representative data set (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NHANES).

Testosterone treatment combined with exercise to improve muscle strength, physical function and quality of life in men affected by inclusion body myositis: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.

Introduction: Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is the most commonly acquired skeletal muscle disease of older adults involving both autoimmune attack and muscle degeneration. As exercise training can improve outcomes in IBM, this study assessed whether a combination of testosterone supplementation and exercise training would improve muscle strength, physical function and quality of life in men affected by IBM, more than exercise alone.

Methods: This pilot study was a single site randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.

The effects of alcohol on testosterone synthesis in men: a review.

Introduction: Testosterone concentrations in men decline with advancing age, with low testosterone concentrations being associated with multiple morbidities, an increased risk of early mortality, and a reduced quality of life. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of alcohol on testosterone synthesis in men by investigating its effects on each level of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.

Areas Covered: Acute consumption of a low-to-moderate amount of alcohol increases testosterone concentrations in men, while consumption of a large volume of alcohol is associated with a reduction in serum testosterone concentrations.

Exercise-induced responses in matrix metalloproteinases and osteopontin are not moderated by exercise format in males with overweight or obesity.

Purpose: Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and -3 (MMP-3), and osteopontin (OPN) are associated with adipose-tissue expansion and development of metabolic disease. The purpose of the current study was to assess the circulating concentration of these markers, along with adiponectin and glucose concentrations, in response to acute exercise in individuals with overweight or obesity.

Methods: Fourteen sedentary males with overweight or obesity (29.

Temple cooling increases parasympathetic activity and decreases pressure pain on the hand.

Background: Applying an ice cube to the temple (the conditioning stimulus) inhibits electrically evoked pain in the forearm. The present study aimed to determine whether temple cooling also inhibits pressure- and heat-pain test stimuli in the upper limb and, if so, to investigate the intra-session test-retest reliability of this response. Additional aims were to establish whether pain inhibition evoked by temple cooling was associated with parasympathetic activity; and to explore sex differences in response.

Immunoregulatory effects of testosterone supplementation combined with exercise training in men with Inclusion Body Myositis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial.

Objectives: Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM) is an inflammatory muscle disease affecting individuals over the age of 45, leading to progressive muscle wasting, disability and loss of independence. Histologically, IBM is characterised by immune changes including myofibres expressing major histocompatibility complex molecules and invaded by CD8 T cells and macrophages, and by degenerative changes including protein aggregates organised in inclusion bodies, rimmed vacuoles and mitochondrial abnormalities. There is currently no cure, and regular exercise is currently the only recognised treatment effective at limiting muscle weakening, atrophy and loss of function.

High Blood Glucose and Excess Body fat Enhance Pain Sensitivity and Weaken Pain Inhibition in Healthy Adults: A Single-blind Cross-over Randomized Controlled Trial.

To investigate links between blood glucose, body fat mass and pain, the effects of acute hyperglycaemia on pain sensitivity and pain inhibition were examined in healthy adults with normal (n = 24) or excess body fat (n = 20) determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Effects of hyperglycaemia on heart rate variability and reactive hyperaemia were also explored. For the overall sample, ingesting 75-g glucose enhanced pain sensitivity during 1-minute cold-water immersion of both feet (conditioning stimulus) and weakened the pain inhibitory effect of cold water on pressure pain thresholds (test stimulus).

The role of glucose in cognition, risk of dementia, and related biomarkers in individuals without type 2 diabetes mellitus or the metabolic syndrome: A systematic review of observational studies.

Background: Excessive blood glucose promotes neuropathological cognitive decline in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome, but no systematic synthesis of the evidence for the same association exists in individuals without these conditions.

Objectives: To systematically review studies exploring the role of glucose on cognition, dementia risk, and related biomarkers in adults without diabetes or metabolic syndrome.

Data Sources: We searched databases from inception until July 2021 and manually searched the reference lists of included studies.

Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Role of oxidative stress and central sensitisation.

Aims: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) occurs in about half of people with diabetes, of whom a quarter may develop chronic pain. Pain may remain for years yet be difficult to treat because the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. There is consensus that processing excessive glucose leads to oxidative stress, interfering with normal metabolism.

Examining the effects of calorie restriction on testosterone concentrations in men: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Context: Testosterone concentrations decline with age, and lower testosterone concentrations are associated with several morbidities, including sexual dysfunction, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome.

Objective: Because dietary habits play a critical role in weight regulation and T2DM management, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize and critically evaluate the evidence from randomized controlled trials to determine the effects of calorie restriction (CR) on testosterone concentrations in men.

Data Sources: A literature search was conducted across 4 databases, from their inception until March 2020.

Vigorous physical activity is important in maintaining a favourable health trajectory in active children: the CHAMPS Study-DK.

Physical activity (PA) is critical to improving health factors such as weight, adiposity, and aerobic fitness. However, children who meet PA guideline recommendations demonstrate developmental differences in health-related outcomes. To investigate prospective associations between PA behaviour (overall PA and PA intensity) and trajectories of health-related factors among physically active children.

Effects of diurnal exercise timing on appetite, energy intake and body composition: A parallel randomized trial.

Objective: To determine the effect of diurnal exercise timing on appetite, energy intake and body composition in individuals with overweight or obesity.

Methods: Forty sedentary, individuals with overweight or obesity (17 males, 23 females; age: 51 ± 13 years; BMI: 30.9 ± 4.

Branched-chain amino acid supplementation improves cycling performance in untrained cyclists.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of acute branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation on cycling performance and neuromuscular fatigue during a prolonged, self-paced cycling time-trial.

Design: Randomised double-blind counterbalanced crossover.

Methods: Eighteen recreationally active men (mean±SD; age: 24.

Examining the Effects of Herbs on Testosterone Concentrations in Men: A Systematic Review.

Testosterone concentrations in males tend to decline with advancing age. Low testosterone, also known as androgen deficiency (AD), is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Currently, the primary treatment for AD is testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), which may exacerbate pre-existing medical conditions.

Correction to: Bilingualism Is Associated with a Delayed Onset of Dementia but Not with a Lower Risk of Developing it: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained the following mistakes.

Bilingualism Is Associated with a Delayed Onset of Dementia but Not with a Lower Risk of Developing it: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses.

Some studies have linked bilingualism with a later onset of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Not all studies have observed such relationships, however. Differences in study outcomes may be due to methodological limitations and the presence of confounding factors within studies such as immigration status and level of education.

The Effect of Exercise Timing on Glycemic Control: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Unlabelled: Despite the acknowledgment of exercise as a cornerstone in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D), the importance of exercise timing has only recently been considered.

Purpose: This study sought to determine the effect of diurnal exercise timing on glycemic control in individuals enrolled in a 12-wk supervised multimodal exercise training program. A secondary aim was to determine the effect of diurnal exercise timing on the circadian rhythm of wrist skin temperature.