Evidence for proton-pump inhibitor (PPI)-associated dysbiosis in metabolically unhealthy obesity.

Obesity adversely impacts millions of American adults by predisposing them to significant health risks and further complications. Obesity is differentiated into two groups: metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy. In contrast to metabolically healthy counterparts, obese individuals who are metabolically unhealthy display hallmark symptoms of metabolic syndrome (, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity).

The pharmacist's role in reducing infusion-related phlebitis.

Purpose: Pharmacists oversee parenteral drug preparation and administration in hospitals, clinics, infusion centers, and home infusion settings. Infusion-related phlebitis (IRP), the most common complication of intravenous infusion therapy, significantly impacts therapeutic outcomes, patient satisfaction, cost of care, and provider workload. Here we review the major etiologies of IRP and describe potential pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for preventing and managing the condition as well as for improving vascular access health in multiple-drug administration settings.

Diagnostic and therapeutic challenge of Aspergillus flavus scleritis.

Purpose: To discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges involved in the management of Aspergillus flavus scleritis and present a review of related literature.

Methods: Case report and literature review.

Results: A healthy 54-year-old woman presented with a 1-week history of severe pain and redness in her left eye.

Assessment of biomechanics of orbital fracture: a study in goats and implications for oculoplastic surgery in humans.

Purpose: To determine the biophysical characteristics of energy absorption of the various orbital structures and the amount of force/energy required to produce an orbital fracture in goats, and to interpret results in terms of human clinical applicability.

Design: Experimental animal study.

Methods: The energy required to fracture the orbit on direct globe impact was measured.

Patterns of drainage and recurrence following sentinel lymph node biopsy for cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck.

Objectives: To analyze lymphatic drainage patterns and recurrence patterns in patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for cutaneous head and neck melanoma.

Design: Retrospective review of a consecutive series with a mean follow-up of 35 months.

Setting: Tertiary cancer care center.

Influence of grapefruit juice on the systemic availability of itraconazole oral solution in healthy adult volunteers.

Study Objective: To evaluate the effect of repeated ingestion of grapefruit juice on the systemic availability of itraconazole (ITZ) and hydroxyitraconazole (OHITZ) serum concentrations in subjects administered hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin-ITZ (HP-beta-CD ITZ) oral solution.

Design: Randomized, two-period, crossover study.

Setting: College of pharmacy research unit.

Patterns of recurrence after sentinel lymph node biopsy for cutaneous melanoma.

Background: Previous sentinel lymph node (SLN) studies for cutaneous melanoma have shown that the SLN accurately reflects the nodal status of the corresponding nodal basin. However, there are few long-term studies that describe recurrence site patterns, predictors for recurrence, and overall survival and disease-free survival after SLN biopsy.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients over a 6-year period was performed to determine patient outcomes and the patterns of recurrence.

Percutaneous permeation of enantiomers and racemates of chiral drugs and prediction of their flux ratios using thermal data: a pharmaceutical perspective.

Albeit pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological differences between enantiomeric pairs or between the pure enantiomers and racemate of chiral drugs are known to exist for decades, we are just beginning to realize that there are apparent differences between these species with respect to their percutaneous permeation as well. Such differences in permeation are likely to be enhanced when chiral drugs are formulated with chiral excipients, necessitating a careful assessment of the effect of formulation excipients on the permeation as well as the overall therapeutic outcomes. The in vitro transport data from the preclinical investigations, using laboratory animal models and/or in vitro cell culture systems, must be carefully validated in vivo as there are differences between these models and the human skin.

Effect of Azone upon the in vivo antiviral efficacy of cidofovir or acyclovir topical formulations in treatment/prevention of cutaneous HSV-1 infections and its correlation with skin target site free drug concentration in hairless mice.

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of Azone upon the skin target site free drug concentration (C(*)) and its correlation with the in vivo antiviral efficacies of cidofovir (HPMPC) and acyclovir (ACV) against HSV-1 infections. Formulations of HPMPC and ACV with or without Azone were used. The in vitro skin flux experiments were performed and the C(*) values were calculated.