Acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, and mortality after trauma are associated with increased circulation of syndecan-1, soluble thrombomodulin, and receptor for advanced glycation end products.

Background: Disruption of the vascular endothelium and endothelial glycocalyx (EG) has been described after severe trauma. Plasma has been suggested to restore microvascular integrity by preservation and repair of the EG. We sought to evaluate whether plasma administered in a 1:1:1 ratio was associated with less endothelial marker circulation than a 1:1:2 ratio.

Establishing a core outcome set for blunt cerebrovascular injury: an EAST modified Delphi method consensus study.

Objectives: Our understanding of blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) has changed significantly in recent decades, resulting in a heterogeneous description of diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes in the literature which is not suitable for data pooling. Therefore, we endeavored to develop a core outcome set (COS) to help guide future BCVI research and overcome the challenge of heterogeneous outcomes reporting.

Methods: After a review of landmark BCVI publications, content experts were invited to participate in a modified Delphi study.

Contemporary Management and Outcomes of Injuries to the Inferior Vena Cava: A Prospective Multicenter Trial From PROspective Observational Vascular Injury Treatment.

Introduction: Injuries to the inferior vena cava (IVC), while uncommon, have a high mortality despite modern advances. The goal of this study is to describe the diagnosis and management in the largest available prospective data set of vascular injuries across anatomic levels of IVC injury.

Methods: The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma PROspective Observational Vascular Injury Treatment (PROOVIT) registry was queried from November 2013 to January 2019.

Blunt cerebrovascular injuries: Outcomes from the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma PROspective Observational Vascular Injury Treatment (PROOVIT) multicenter registry.

Background: Administering antithrombotics (AT) to the multiply injured patient with blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) requires a thoughtful assessment of the risk of stroke and death associated with nontreatment. Large, multicenter analysis of outcomes stratified by injury grade and vessel injured is needed to inform future recommendations.

Methods: Nine hundred and seventy-one BCVIs were identified from the PROspective Vascular Injury Treatment registry in this retrospective analysis.

Impact of Chemoprophylaxis on Thromboembolism Following Operative Fixation of Pelvic Fractures.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common cause of serious morbidity and mortality. While chemoprophylaxis decreases VTE, there is the theoretical risk of increased hemorrhagic complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of preoperative anticoagulation on VTE and bleeding complications in patients with blunt pelvic fractures requiring operative fixation.

Hard signs gone soft: A critical evaluation of presenting signs of extremity vascular injury.

Background: Despite advances in management of extremity vascular injuries, "hard signs" remain the primary criterion to determine need for imaging and urgency of exploration. We propose that hard signs are outdated and that hemorrhagic and ischemic signs of vascular injury may be of greater clinical utility.

Methods: Extremity arterial injuries from the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma PROspective Observational Vascular Injury Treatment registry were analyzed to examine the relationships between hard signs, ischemic signs, and hemorrhagic signs of extremity vascular injury with workup, diagnosis, and management.

Group A emergency-release plasma in trauma patients requiring massive transfusion.

Background: Both groups A and AB plasma have been approved for emergency-release transfusion in acutely bleeding trauma patients before blood grouping being performed. The safety profile associated with this practice has not been well characterized, particularly in patients requiring massive transfusion.

Methods: This secondary analysis of the Pragmatic, Randomized, Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratios trial examined whether exposure to group A emergency-release plasma (ERP) was noninferior to group AB ERP.

Long-Term Analysis of Functional Outcomes in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to examine outcomes after discharge and identify factors from the index admission that may contribute to long-term mortality.

Methods: The study population is composed of patients who survived to discharge from a previously published study examining TBI.

How soon is too soon?: Optimal timing of split-thickness skin graft following polyglactin 910 mesh closure of the open abdomen.

Background: Various management strategies exist for the abdomen that will not close. At our institution, these patients are managed with polyglactin 910 mesh followed 14 days later (LATE) by split-thickness skin graft (STSG) or, in some cases, earlier (EARLY, <14 days), if the wound is judged to be adequately granulated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of STSG timing for wounds felt ready for grafting on STSG failure.

Radiographic predictors of therapeutic operative intervention after blunt abdominal trauma: the RAPTOR score.

Purpose: Bowel and mesenteric injuries are rare in patients following blunt abdominal trauma. Computed tomography (CT) imaging has become a mainstay in the work-up of the stable trauma patient. The purpose of this study was to identify radiographic predictors of therapeutic operative intervention for mesenteric and/or bowel injuries in patients after blunt abdominal trauma.

Separating Truth from Alternative Facts: 37 Years of Guns, Murder, and Violence Across the US.

Background: Gun violence remains a significant public health problem that is both understudied and underfunded, and plagued by inadequate or inaccessible data sources. Over the years, numerous trauma centers have attempted to use local registries to study single-institutional trends, however, this approach limits generalizability to our national epidemic. In fact, even easily accessible, health-centered data from the CDC lack national relevance because they are limited to those enrolled states only.

Long-term functional outcomes after traumatic popliteal artery injury: A 20-year experience.

Background: Traumatic popliteal arterial injury (TPAI) is associated with a risk of both limb loss and long-term morbidity due to prolonged ischemia and the often-associated musculoskeletal injuries. Long-term functional outcome following this injury has not been adequately studied. We evaluated patients with TPAI to determine if there was an improvement in functional outcome over time.

Beta-adrenergic blockade for attenuation of catecholamine surge after traumatic brain injury: a randomized pilot trial.

Background: Beta-blockers have been proven in multiple studies to be beneficial in patients with traumatic brain injury. Few prospective studies have verified this and no randomized controlled trials. Additionally, most studies do not titrate the dose of beta-blockers to therapeutic effect.

Does lack of thoracic trauma attenuate the severity of pulmonary failure? An 8-year analysis of critically injured patients.

Purpose: Patients with thoracic trauma are presumed to be at higher risk for pulmonary dysfunction, but adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may develop in any patient, regardless of associated chest injury. This study evaluated the impact of thoracic trauma and pulmonary failure on outcomes in trauma patients admitted to the intensive-care unit (ICU).

Methods: All trauma patients admitted to the ICU over an 8-year period were identified.

Evolution of Firearm Violence over 20 Years: Integrating Law Enforcement and Clinical Data.

Background: Data linking ballistics to injury are lacking. To address this data chasm, a partnership with law enforcement was developed to describe clinical outcomes from specific firearms.

Study Design: A random sample of patients with gunshot wounds over a 20-year period ending in 2015, was identified.

Use of Aerosolized Antibiotics in Gram-Negative Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Trauma Patients.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is associated with significant morbidity (ventilator days, ICU days, and cost) and mortality increase in trauma patients. Multidrug-resistant strains of causative VAP pathogens are becoming increasingly common. Aerosolized antibiotics achieve high alveolar concentrations and provide valuable adjuncts in the treatment of VAP.

Analysis of over 2 decades of colon injuries identifies optimal method of diversion: Does an end justify the means?

Introduction: Conflicting evidence exists regarding the definitive management of destructive colon injuries. Although diversion with an end ostomy can theoretically decrease initial complications, it mandates a more extensive reversal procedure. Conversely, anastomosis with proximal loop ostomy diversion, while simplifying the reversal, increases the number of suture lines and potential initial morbidity.

Impact of a simplified management algorithm on outcome following exsanguinating pelvic fractures: A 10-year experience.

Background: Optimal management of exsanguinating pelvic fractures remains controversial. Our previous experience suggested that management decisions based on a defined algorithm were associated with a significant reduction in transfusion requirements and mortality. Based on these outcomes, a clinical pathway (PW) for the management of exsanguinating pelvic fractures was developed.

The impact of hypothermia on outcomes in massively transfused patients.

Background: Hypothermia is associated with poor outcomes after injury. The relationship between hypothermia during contemporary large volume resuscitation and blood product consumption is unknown. We evaluated this association, and the predictive value of hypothermia on mortality.

Keeping it Simple: Impact of a Restrictive Antibiotic Policy for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Trauma Patients on Incidence and Sensitivities of Causative Pathogens.

Background: An integral part of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) therapy is the appropriate choice of empiric antibiotics. Our previous experience demonstrated adherence to an empiric therapy pathway was associated with only modest changes in organisms causing VAP. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the impact of a restrictive antibiotic policy for VAP in trauma patients on the incidence and sensitivities of causative pathogens since the previous study.