Background: Supraglottic airway (SGA) devices including the air-Q® are being used with increasing frequency for anesthesia in infants and younger pediatric patients. To date, there is minimal research documenting the potentially significant airway deadspace these devices may contribute to the ventilation circuit when compared to an endotracheal tube (ETT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the airway apparatus deadspace associated with an air-Q® versus an ETT in young children.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Practice patterns surrounding awake extubation of pediatric surgical patients remain largely undocumented. This study assessed the value of commonly used predictors of fitness for extubation to determine which were most salient in predicting successful extubation following emergence from general anesthesia with a volatile anesthetic in young children.
Methods: This prospective, observational study was performed in 600 children from 0 to 7 yr of age.
Tropical regions of the world experience high rates of land-use change and this has a major influence on terrestrial carbon (C) pools and the global C cycle. We assessed land-use change from agriculture to reforested plantings (with endemic species), up to 33 years of age, using 10 paired sites in the wet tropics, Australia. We determined the impacts on 0-50 cm below-ground C (soil organic C (SOC), charcoal C, humic organic C, particulate organic C, resistant organic C), C stored in roots (fine and coarse), C stored in living above-ground biomass and debris C pools.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhoracantha longicorn beetles are endemic to Australia, and some species have become significant pests of eucalypts worldwide, yet little is known about their host plant interactions and factors influencing tree susceptibility in Australia. Here, we investigate the host relationships of Phoracantha solida (Blackburn, 1894) on four eucalypt taxa (one pure species and three hybrid families), examining feeding site physical characteristics including phloem thickness, density, and moisture content, and host tree factors such as diameter, height, growth, taper, and survival. We also determine the cardinal and vertical (within-tree) and horizontal (between-tree) spatial distribution of borers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The anesthetic risks and outcomes of the first 100 consecutive spring-assisted surgeries (SAS) for cranial expansion from a single institution are reported. The effect of number of procedures was also tested on hematocrit postoperative day 1 (POD1), anesthesia time, and surgery time of the first procedure.
Methods: The records of 100 consecutive patients undergoing SAS were reviewed.
Background: Video-assisted thoracic surgery has been shown to be a safe and effective method of closing the patent ductus arteriosus in infants and children. We have applied this technique in low birth weight premature infants and now report our experience.
Methods: Since 1996, we have used video-assisted thoracic surgery ligation as the treatment of choice for all patent ductus arteriosus, including 100 performed on premature infants (23 to 31 weeks' gestation, mean 25.
Methods for surgical correction of sagittal craniosynostosis have progressed. The hypothesis is that advances in surgical interventions for craniosynostosis affect perioperative anesthetic care. We reviewed the records of eight children who underwent cranial vault reconstruction (CVR) and nine who underwent spring-mediated cranial expansion (SME) for sagittal craniosynostosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF