Feasibility of in-vivo semi-LASER renal magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS): Pilot study in healthy volunteers.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of semi-LASER renal magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in healthy volunteers and establish signature chemical composition of normal renal tissue towards future application for renal carcinoma characterization and grading.

Materials And Methods: 14 healthy volunteers were recruited after informed consent. Single voxel H spectra were acquired on a 3T MRI system using a semi-LASER sequence, employing outer-volume suppression and VAPOR water suppression with multiple averages in multiple breath-holds.

Mapping brain abnormalities in boys with autism.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit characteristic cognitive and behavioral differences, but no systematic pattern of neuroanatomical differences has been consistently found. Recent neurodevelopmental models posit an abnormal early surge in subcortical white matter growth in at least some autistic children, perhaps normalizing by adulthood, but other studies report subcortical white matter deficits. To investigate the profile of these alterations in 3D, we mapped brain volumetric differences using a relatively new method, tensor-based morphometry.

Three-dimensional mapping of the lateral ventricles in autism.

In this study, a computational mapping technique was used to examine the three-dimensional profile of the lateral ventricles in autism. T1-weighted three-dimensional magnetic resonance images of the brain were acquired from 20 males with autism (age: 10.1+/-3.

Optimization of 3D MP-RAGE for neonatal brain imaging at 3.0 T.

Three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown great potential for studying the impact of prematurity and pathology on brain development. We have investigated the potential of optimized T1-weighted 3D magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo imaging (MP-RAGE) for obtaining contrast between white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) in neonates at 3 T. Using numerical simulations, we predicted that the inversion time (TI) for obtaining strongest contrast at 3 T is approximately 2 s for neonates, whereas for adults, this value is approximately 1.

Evidence for cortical dysfunction in autism: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study.

Background: Although brain imaging studies have reported neurobiological abnormalities in autism, the nature and distribution of the underlying neurochemical irregularities are unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine cerebral gray and white matter cellular neurochemistry in autism with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI).

Methods: Proton MRSI examinations were conducted in 26 males with autism (age 9.

Detection and mapping of hippocampal abnormalities in autism.

Brain imaging studies of the hippocampus in autism have yielded inconsistent results. In this study, a computational mapping strategy was used to examine the three-dimensional profile of hippocampal abnormalities in autism. Twenty-one males with autism (age: 9.

Mapping corpus callosum deficits in autism: an index of aberrant cortical connectivity.

Background: Volumetric studies have reported reductions in the size of the corpus callosum (CC) in autism, but the callosal regions contributing to this deficit have differed among studies. In this study, a computational method was used to detect and map the spatial pattern of CC abnormalities in male patients with autism.

Methods: Twenty-four boys with autism (aged 10.

Brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy in Tourette's disorder.

Objective: Although abnormalities of neural circuits involving the cortex, striatum, and thalamus are hypothesized to underlie Tourette's disorder, the neuronal abnormalities within components of these circuits are unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the cellular neurochemistry within these circuits in Tourette's disorder using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, a method that has not previously been used in neurobiological investigations of the disorder.

Method: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging examinations were conducted in 25 males with Tourette's disorder (age 10.

White matter abnormalities in autism detected through transverse relaxation time imaging.

While neuroimaging studies have reported neurobiological abnormalities in autism, the underlying tissue abnormalities remain unclear. Quantitative transverse relaxation time (T2) imaging permits the examination of tissue abnormalities in vivo, with increased T2 largely reflecting increased tissue water. Blood flow and the presence of tissue iron may also affect T2.