Crystallization and liquid-liquid phase separation of monoclonal antibodies and fc-fusion proteins: screening results.

Crystallization holds the potential to be used for protein purification and low-viscosity drug substance and drug product formulations. Twenty-two different proteins (20 monoclonal antibodies and two Fc-fusions) were examined to determine the breadth of applicability of crystallization to these therapeutic proteins. Vapor diffusion technique and an evaporative screening method were used to identify crystallization conditions using around a 100 initial conditions based on reagents that are generally regarded as safe (GRAS).

Design and synthesis of quinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives as potent CDK5 inhibitors.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a serine/threonine protein kinase and its deregulation is implicated in a number of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and ischemic stroke. Using active site homology modeling between CDK5 and CDK2, we explored several different chemical series of potent CDK5 inhibitors. In this report, we describe the design, synthesis, and CDK5 inhibitory activities of quinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives.

Structure-activity relationships of 3,4-dihydro-1H-quinazolin-2-one derivatives as potential CDK5 inhibitors.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a critical role in the early development of the nervous system. Deregulation of CDK5 is believed to contribute to the abnormal phosphorylation of various cellular substrates associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and ischemic stroke. Acyclic urea 3 was identified as a potent CDK5 inhibitor and co-crystallographic data of urea 3/CDK2 enzyme were used to design a novel series of 3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-ones as CDK5 inhibitors.

Crystal structure of murine 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1: an important therapeutic target for diabetes.

11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) catalyzes the conversion of 11-dehydrocorticosterone to its active form corticosterone in rodents (or cortisone to cortisol in humans). The reductive reaction of the 11-keto to 11-hydroxyl is the pivotal switch in the activation of glucocorticoids. An excess of active glucocorticoids has been shown to play a key role in metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity.