Bilateral Inferior Angle Ossicles of the Scapula: Pain Generators in a Young Woman: A Case Report.

Case: We present the case of a 16-year-old woman with refractory shoulder pain despite nonoperative treatment. The only shoulder pathology that was noted on advanced imaging was an unfused ossicle on the inferior angle of each scapula. She was successfully treated with simple excision bilaterally; as demonstrated by the shoulder scores, there was substantial improvement.

Recalcitrant patellar tendinosis in elite athletes: surgical treatment in conjunction with aggressive postoperative rehabilitation.

Background: Recalcitrant patellar tendinosis is difficult to treat, and results are varied.

Hypothesis: Surgical removal of necrotic tissue, surgical stimulation of remaining tendon, and aggressive and specific rehabilitation after patellar tendonectomy will allow athletes to return to sports.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Total ankle arthroplasty: a historical perspective.

The ideal total ankle prosthesis has yet to be determined, but much has been learned from early experiences in ankle arthroplasty. Modern implants are typically more respectful of anatomic concerns, have found a happy medium of constraint, and have found novel approaches to decrease interface stress. Biologic fixation has improved on cemented results.