Gene Family in Wall.: Genome-Wide Identification, Phylogeny, Evolutionary Expansion, and Expression Analyses during Floral Development.

The gene family represents a widely distributed class of plant transcription factors. This gene family plays an important role in many aspects of plant growth and development. However, the characterization of genes present in the genome of has not been reported.

Differential responses of Hollyhock (Alcea rosea L.) varieties to salt stress in relation to physiological and biochemical parameters.

The response of 14 Hollyhock (Alcea rosea L.) varieties to salinity were evaluated in a field experiment over two growing seasons. Carotenoid, Chl a, Chl b, total Chl, proline and MDA content, CAT, APX and GPX activity and petal and seeds yields were determined in order to investigate the mechanism of salt tolerance exhibited by Hollyhock, and too identify salt tolerant varieties.

Evaluation of the Effect of L. Leaf Extracts on the Bacterial Antioxidant System and Cell Membrane Integrity of PA01 and NCTC8325.

(Indian borage) has been extensively studied for its medicinal properties, which can be exploited to develop new antimicrobial therapeutics. The current study investigated the effect of leaf extracts on the catalase activity, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, cytoplasmic membrane permeability, and efflux pump activity in NCTC8325 and PA01. As the enzyme catalase protects bacteria against oxidative stress, disruption of its activity creates an imbalance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which subsequently oxidizes lipid chains, leading to lipid peroxidation.

Evaluation of the Effect of Leaf Development in Plectranthus amboinicus L. on Antimicrobial Activity and Virulence Factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Staphylococcus aureus NCTC8325.

Plectranthus amboinicus is widely recognized as a potential source of antimicrobial compounds due to the presence of bioactive components (essential oils) secreted by the glandular trichomes borne on the leaves. As such, an understanding of the effect of leaf development on the production of these essential oils (EOs) is of crucial importance to its medicinal applications. The current study represents the first comparative investigation of the effect of different stages of leaf development (lag, log, and stationary phase) upon the yield and bioactivity of phytochemicals produced.

RNA-seq analysis reveals key genes associated with seed germination of P.Y.Li by cold stratification.

Seed dormancy is an adaptive strategy for environmental evolution. However, the molecular mechanism of the breaking of seed dormancy at cold temperatures is still unclear, and the genetic regulation of germination initiated by exposure to cold temperature requires further investigation. In the initial phase of the current study, the seed coat characteristics and embryo development of P.

Effective Control against Broadleaf Weed Species Provided by Biodegradable PBAT/PLA Mulch Film Embedded with the Herbicide 2-Methyl-4-Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid (MCPA).

Biodegradable mulches are considered a promising alternative to polyethylene-based, nonbiodegradable mulch for sustainable agriculture. In the present study, a bioactive 2-methyl-4- cholorophenoxyacetic acid/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate--3-hydroxyvalerate) (MCPA-PHBV) conjugate blended with biodegradable poly(butylene adipate--terephthalate/polylactide (PBAT/PLA) was developed and used as mulch under controlled condition greenhouse pot experiment with fava bean () as the nontarget crop species. The objectives were to examine the effectiveness of sustained-release of MCPA herbicide from biodegradable mulch for broadleaf weed suppression and to assess any adverse effects of the herbicide on the nontarget species (fava bean).

Biodegradable PBAT/PLA Blend with Bioactive MCPA-PHBV Conjugate Suppresses Weed Growth.

The herbicide 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) conjugated with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) was prepared via a melt transesterification route. The resultant bioactive oligomer was then mixed with a blend of polylactide (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) with different loadings to manufacture films to be used as a bioactive, biodegradable mulch to deliver the herbicide to target broadleaf weed species. The biological targeting of the MCPA-PHBV conjugate in the mulch film was investigated under glasshouse conditions using faba bean (Vicia faba) as a selective (nontarget) model crop species having broadleaf morphology.

Investigating the Postmortem Molecular Biology of Cartilage and its Potential Forensic Applications.

This study investigated the postmortem molecular changes that articular cartilage undergoes following burial. Fresh pig trotters were interred in 30-cm-deep graves at two distinct locations exhibiting dissimilar soil environments for up to 42 days. Extracts of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint cartilage from trotters disinterred weekly over 6 weeks were analyzed by Western blot against the monoclonal antibody 2-B-6 to assess aggrecan degradation.

An investigation of self-incompatibility within the genus Restrepia.

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Premise Of The Study: The genus Restrepia (Orchidaceae) is indigenous to montane rain forests of Central and South America. Recently, as habitat has fragmented and wild populations dwindled, the chances for successful cross-pollination within the genus have been reduced. Since cultivated species of Restrepia have been vegetatively propagated, they remain genetically close to those in the wild, making ex situ collections of the genus useful model populations for investigating breeding systems.

Abnormal glycosphingolipid mannosylation triggers salicylic acid-mediated responses in Arabidopsis.

The Arabidopsis thaliana protein GOLGI-LOCALIZED NUCLEOTIDE SUGAR TRANSPORTER (GONST1) has been previously identified as a GDP-d-mannose transporter. It has been hypothesized that GONST1 provides precursors for the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides, such as glucomannan. Here, we show that in vitro GONST1 can transport all four plant GDP-sugars.

Temporal and spatial regulation of glucomannan deposition and mobilization in corms of Amorphophallus konjac (Araceae).

Premise Of The Study: Konjac glucomannan (KGM), the main biologically active constituent of konjac flour extracted from corms of Amorphophallus konjac (konjac), has potential to be used as a nutraceutical (satiety agent) to combat obesity. Here we present the results of an immunocytochemical investigation of the developmental regulation of the deposition and mobilization of glucomannan in corm tissues of konjac, using an antiheteromannan (mannan/glucomannan) antiserum.

Methods: The intensity of antibody binding to glucomannan idioblasts at six developmental stages (i.

Distribution of lipid transfer protein 1 (LTP1) epitopes associated with morphogenic events during somatic embryogenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Using immunocytochemical methods, at both the light and electron microscopic level, we have investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of lipid transfer protein 1 (LTP1) epitopes during the induction of somatic embryogenesis in explants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Immunofluorescence labelling demonstrated the presence of high levels of LTP1 epitopes within the proximal regions of the cotyledons (embryogenic regions) associated with particular morphogenetic events, including intense cell division activity, cotyledon swelling, cell loosening and callus formation. Precise analysis of the signal localization in protodermal and subprotodermal cells indicated that cells exhibiting features typical of embryogenic cells were strongly labelled, both in walls and the cytoplasm, while in the majority of meristematic-like cells no signal was observed.

Differences in protodermal cell wall structure in zygotic and somatic embryos of Daucus carota (L.) cultured on solid and in liquid media.

The ultrastructure, cuticle, and distribution of pectic epitopes in outer periclinal walls of protodermal cells of Daucus carota zygotic and somatic embryos from solid and suspension culture were investigated. Lipid substances were present as a continuous layer in zygotic and somatic embryos cultured on solid medium. Somatic embryos from suspension cultures were devoid of cuticle.

Traditional uses and potential health benefits of Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch ex N.E.Br.

Amorphophallus konjac (konjac) has long been used in China, Japan and South East Asia as a food source and as a traditional medicine. Flour extracted from the corm of this species is used in Far Eastern cuisine to make noodles, tofu and snacks. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), a gel prepared from the flour has been used for detoxification, tumour-suppression, blood stasis alleviation and phlegm liquefaction; and for more than 2000 years has been consumed by the indigenous people of China for the treatment of asthma, cough, hernia, breast pain, burns as well as haematological and skin disorders.

Localisation and characterisation of cell wall mannan polysaccharides in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Polysaccharides containing beta-1,4-mannosyl residues (mannans) are abundant in the lignified secondary cell walls of gymnosperms, and are also found as major seed storage polysaccharides in some plants, such as legume species. Although they have been found in a variety of angiosperm tissues, little is known about their presence and tissue localisation in the model angiosperm, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.