Anatomic Description of the Origin of the Proximal Hamstring.

Purpose: To define the topographic anatomy of the footprint of the hamstrings origin on the ischium.

Methods: Dissection of the hamstrings origin in 6 cadaveric pelvises was performed. The hamstrings origin was isolated with sharp dissection, and it was noted whether the semimembranosus had a separate attachment or whether there was one confluent tendon attached at the footprint.

Upper extremity hemodynamics and sensation with backpack loads.

Heavy backpacks are often used in extreme environments, for example by military during combat, therefore completion of tasks quickly and efficiently is of operational relevance. The purpose of this study was to quantify hemodynamic parameters (brachial artery Doppler and microvascular flow by photoplethysmography; tissue oxygenation by near-infrared spectroscopy; arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximeter) and sensation in upper extremities and hands (Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test and 2-point discrimination test) while wearing a loaded backpack (12 kg) in healthy adults for 10 min. All values were compared to baseline before wearing a backpack.

Footprint of the lateral ligament complex of the ankle.

Background: We describe the topographic anatomy of the lateral ligament complex of the ankle using 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) imaging.

Methods: Dissection of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) was performed on 8 unpaired fresh-frozen cadaver feet. Ligaments were sharply dissected from bone, and the footprint was outlined with radio-opaque paint.

Leg intramuscular pressures and in vivo knee forces during lower body positive and negative pressure treadmill exercise.

Quantifying muscle and joint forces over a broad range of weight bearing loads during exercise may provide data required to improve prosthetic materials and better protect against muscle and bone loss. Collectively, leg intramuscular pressure (IMP), ground reaction force (GRF), and the instrumented tibial tray force measurements provide a comprehensive assessment of leg muscle and joint biomechanical effects of gravity during exercise. Titration of body weight (BW) by lower body negative pressure (LBNP) and lower body positive pressure (LBPP) can reproducibly modulate IMP within leg muscle compartments.

The effect of backpacks on the lumbar spine in children: a standing magnetic resonance imaging study.

Study Design: This study is a repeated measures design to measure the lumbar spine response to typical school backpack loads in healthy children. The lumbar spine in this setting was measured for the first time by an upright magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to measure the lumbar spine response to typical school backpack loads in healthy children.

Inelastic compression legging produces gradient compression and significantly higher skin surface pressures compared with an elastic compression stocking.

The purposes of this study were to (1) investigate compression levels beneath an inelastic legging equipped with a new pressure-adjustment system, (2) compare the inelastic compression levels with those provided by a well-known elastic stocking, and (3) evaluate each support's gradient compression production. Eighteen subjects without venous reflux and 12 patients with previously documented venous reflux received elastic and inelastic compression supports sized for the individual. Skin surface pressures under the elastic (Sigvaris 500, 30-40 mm Hg range, Sigvaris, Inc.

Hertel curve: orbital volume increment and proptosis in a cadaver model.

Purpose: This study examined the relation between effective orbital volume increment and proptosis induced by an inflatable orbital implant in a human cadaver orbit.

Methods: A 25-ml inflatable latex balloon was inserted between the periorbita and orbital floor in 15 human cadavers. Hertel measurements were taken for each milliliter over a total 7-ml volume increment.