Publications by authors named "Timothy B Baker"
Introduction: Prior research suggests that the e-Cigarette Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (e-WISDM) distinguishes primary (e-PDM) and secondary dependence (e-SDM), however, there is little research on these e-WISDM dimensions and prior research comprised dual users (using cigarettes and e-cigarettes) and those using older generations of e-cigarettes.
Methods: Those exclusively using contemporary e-cigarettes (N = 164) completed the e-WISDM and a laboratory self-administration session and rated pre-use expectancies and post-use experiences.
Results: Only a 1-factor model limited to the primary scales (Automaticity, Tolerance, Craving, Loss of Control) achieved good model fit.
Importance: A single round of standard tobacco quitline treatment may not be sufficient to sustain abstinence, particularly among people experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage. Adaptive retreatment may help more individuals with socioeconomic disadvantage achieve abstinence and reduce disparities in smoking cessation outcomes.
Objective: To evaluate 4 evidence-based strategies for adults with limited education, no insurance, or Medicaid eligibility who continued smoking after quitline treatment.
Background: Understanding the motivational processes that influence e-cigarette use in a laboratory setting may help elucidate mechanisms that support long-term ecigarette use, which could have significant clinical and public health consequences.
Methods: Secondary analyses were conducted on data from exclusive smokers (N=47) and dual users (N=88) who underwent a laboratory ad lib use session. Participants were given 10minutes to smoke (exclusive smokers) or vape (dual users) as much as they wanted.
Introduction: COVID-19 had devastating impacts worldwide. However, most research examining the impact of dementia on COVID-19 outcomes has been conducted in Europe and Asia and has not examined dementia subtypes.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of electronic health record data from 21 US health-care systems examined relationships of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia with in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and hospital stay duration.
Importance: It is unclear whether cannabis use is associated with adverse health outcomes in patients with COVID-19 when accounting for known risk factors, including tobacco use.
Objective: To examine whether cannabis and tobacco use are associated with adverse health outcomes from COVID-19 in the context of other known risk factors.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study used electronic health record data from February 1, 2020, to January 31, 2022.
Article Synopsis
- The study analyzed cigarette smoking and tobacco use disorder (TUD) trends in the US from 2010 to 2021 using data from a large national survey.
- In 2021, 17% of adults smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days, with 11% being daily smokers, and the prevalence of TUD was significantly higher among daily smokers (10%) compared to those who smoked daily without TUD (1%).
- Both daily and nondaily smoking showed significant declines over the study period, and adults with TUD tended to be older, less educated, and have lower incomes, highlighting that nondaily smoking can still be associated with TUD.
Importance: Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death and illness in the US. Identifying cost-effective smoking cessation treatment may increase the likelihood that health systems deliver such treatment to their patients who smoke.
Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of standard vs enhanced varenicline use (extended varenicline treatment or varenicline in combination with nicotine replacement therapy) among individuals trying to quit smoking.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of three different interventions for helping patients maintain smoking abstinence after relapse.
- A total of 1,154 patients participated, with 582 relapsing and being randomized into various treatment groups that included counseling, nicotine mini-lozenges, and quitline referrals.
- Results showed that neither additional skill training nor supportive counseling improved long-term abstinence rates, and the "preparation" intervention was not significantly more effective than simply advising patients to contact a quitline.
Article Synopsis
- Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the U.S., and the study evaluates a primary care intervention aimed at reducing smoking rates through healthcare system perspective.
- The intervention involved electronic health record prompts and certified tobacco cessation specialists to support patients, tracking data from over 10,000 smokers between 2017 and 2020.
- Results showed a significant increase in smoking cessation rates (from 1.3% to 8.7%), with the cost per individual who quit being $628, and an overall decrease in acute healthcare costs of about $42 per patient per month.
Article Synopsis
- - Genomic medicine can improve disease prevention and treatment by using polygenic risk scores (PRSs) to evaluate disease risk and guide tailored treatments, making the pathway from discovery to real-world application an ongoing process.
- - The text highlights examples like lung cancer screening and tobacco treatment as areas where genomics could significantly enhance preventative measures and treatment efficacy, which are currently not fully utilized.
- - It addresses the challenges in implementing genomic interventions, including the need for more inclusive research across diverse populations, lack of established treatment guidelines, and practical hurdles in applying genomic data in clinical settings.
Background: The Cancer Center Cessation Initiative (C3I) is a National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cancer Moonshot Program that supports NCI-designated cancer centers developing tobacco treatment programs for oncology patients who smoke. C3I-funded centers implement evidence-based programs that offer various smoking cessation treatment components (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The acute cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of contemporary electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in long-term users are not known.
Research Question: What are the cardiovascular and pulmonary responses to an acute 15-min product use challenge with ENDS and combustible cigarettes in regular nicotine-containing product users compared with control participants who do not use tobacco or vape?
Study Design And Methods: Observational challenge study before and after nicotine-containing product use of 395 individuals who used ENDS exclusively (n = 164; exhaled carbon monoxide level, < 5 parts per million [ppm]; positive urine NicCheck I [Mossman Associates] results, 82%; fourth-generation ENDS), participants who smoked cigarettes exclusively (n = 117; carbon monoxide level, > 5 ppm; positive urine NicCheck I results), and control participants (n = 114; carbon monoxide level, < 5 ppm; negative urine NicCheck I results).
Results: During the 15-min product challenge, cigarette users took a median of 14.
It is vital to determine how patient characteristics that precede COVID-19 illness relate to COVID-19 mortality. This is a retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 across 21 healthcare systems in the US. All patients (N = 145,944) had COVID-19 diagnoses and/or positive PCR tests and completed their hospital stays from February 1, 2020 through January 31, 2022.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Information on COVID-19 vaccination effects on mortality among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 could inform vaccination outreach efforts and increase understanding of patient risk.
Objective: Determine the associations of vaccination status with mortality in adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
Design: This retrospective cohort study assessed the characteristics and mortality rates of adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 across 21 healthcare systems in the USA from January 1, 2021, to January 31, 2022.
Purpose: Quitting smoking improves patients' clinical outcomes, yet smoking is not commonly addressed as part of cancer care. The Cancer Center Cessation Initiative (C3I) supports National Cancer Institute-designated cancer centers to integrate tobacco treatment programs (TTPs) into routine cancer care. C3I centers vary in size, implementation strategies used, and treatment approaches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Continued smoking after the diagnosis of cancer can markedly worsen oncology treatment side effects, cancer outcomes, cancer mortality, and all-cause mortality. Conversely, mounting evidence demonstrates that smoking cessation by patients with cancer improves outcomes. A cancer diagnosis often serves as a teachable moment, characterized by high motivation to quit.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Health system change can increase the reach of evidence-based smoking cessation treatments. Proactive electronic health record (EHR)-enabled, closed-loop referral ("eReferral") to state tobacco quitlines increases the rates at which patients who smoke accept cessation treatment. Implementing such system change poses many challenges, however, and adaptations to system contexts are often required, but are understudied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMain Objective: There is limited information on how patient outcomes have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study characterizes changes in mortality, intubation, and ICU admission rates during the first 20 months of the pandemic.
Study Design And Methods: University of Wisconsin researchers collected and harmonized electronic health record data from 1.
Article Synopsis
- The study analyzed data from over 104,000 COVID-19 patients to understand the impact of smoking status, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), and vaccination on severe outcomes like death and ICU admission.
- Both current and never smokers had similar outcomes, but former smokers experienced higher risks of death and ICU admission.
- Current smokers receiving NRT had reduced mortality rates, and vaccination was more effective in lowering mortality for current and former smokers compared to never smokers.
Article Synopsis
- A study examined tobacco treatment prescriptions for surgical patients at a single institution in 2020, noting that 14.7% of patients were smokers.
- Despite the known risks of smoking for surgical complications, only 12.7% received pharmacotherapy and 31.7% received any form of treatment.
- The low rates of guideline-concordant treatments highlight the need to improve smoking cessation support for better surgical outcomes, particularly since smoking disproportionately affects these results.
Background: There is mixed evidence about the relations of current versus past cancer with severe COVID-19 outcomes and how they vary by patient and cancer characteristics.
Methods: Electronic health record data of 104,590 adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were obtained from 21 United States health systems from February 2020 through September 2021. In-hospital mortality and ICU admission were predicted from current and past cancer diagnoses.
Background: The utility of electronic cigarettes ('e-cigarettes') as a smoking cessation adjunct remains unclear. Similarly, it is unclear if formal tobacco treatment (pharmacotherapy and/or behavioural support) augments smoking cessation in individuals who use both cigarettes and e-cigarettes.
Methods: We performed a longitudinal cohort study of adult outpatients evaluated in our tertiary care medical centre (6/2018-6/2020).