Clinical Usage and Potential Benefits of a Continuous Glucose Monitoring Predict App.

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has become an increasingly important tool for self-management in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). In this paper, we discuss recommendations on how to implement predictive features provided by the Accu-Chek SmartGuide Predict app in clinical practice. The Predict app's features are aimed at ultimately reducing diabetes stress and fear of hypoglycemia in people with DM.

Enhancing the Capabilities of Continuous Glucose Monitoring With a Predictive App.

Background: Despite abundant evidence demonstrating the benefits of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in diabetes management, a significant proportion of people using this technology still struggle to achieve glycemic targets. To address this challenge, we propose the Accu-Chek SmartGuide Predict app, an innovative CGM digital companion that incorporates a suite of advanced glucose predictive functionalities aiming to inform users earlier about acute glycemic situations.

Methods: The app's functionalities, powered by three machine learning models, include a two-hour glucose forecast, a 30-minute low glucose detection, and a nighttime low glucose prediction for bedtime interventions.

Concept and Implementation of a Novel Continuous Glucose Monitoring Solution With Glucose Predictions on Board.

The recently CE-marked continuous real-time glucose monitoring (rtCGM) solution Accu-Chek® (AC) SmartGuide Solution was developed to enable people with diabetes mellitus (DM) to proactively control their glucose levels using predictive technologies. The comprehensive solution consists of three components that harmonize well with each other. The CGM device is composed of a sensor applicator and a glucose sensor patch whose data are transferred to the connected smartphone by Bluetooth® Low Energy.

Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in the Era of Continuous Glucose Monitoring.

Nocturnal hypoglycemia is a common acute complication of people with diabetes on insulin therapy. In particular, the inability to control glucose levels during sleep, the impact of external factors such as exercise, or alcohol and the influence of hormones are the main causes. Nocturnal hypoglycemia has several negative somatic, psychological, and social effects for people with diabetes, which are summarized in this article.

Characteristics of Nocturnal Hypoglycaemic Events and Their Impact on Glycaemia.

Background: Nocturnal hypoglycaemia is a burden for people with diabetes, particularly when treated with multiple daily injections (MDI) therapy. However, the characteristics of nocturnal hypoglycaemic events in this patient group are only poorly described in the literature.

Method: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data from 185 study participants with type 1 diabetes using MDI therapy were collected under everyday conditions for up to 13 weeks.

Fear of Hypoglycemia and Diabetes Distress: Expected Reduction by Glucose Prediction.

Background: Extended glucose predictions are novel in diabetes management. Currently, there is no solution widely available. People with diabetes mellitus (DM) are offered features like trend arrows and limited predictions linked to predefined situations.

Identifying the deficiencies of currently available CGM to improve uptake and benefit.

Background And Aims: The use of diabetes technologies is increasing worldwide, with health systems facilitating improved access to devices. Continuous glucose monitoring is a complex intervention that provides information on glucose concentration, rate and direction of change, historical data and alerts and alarms for extremes of glucose. These data do not themselves change glycaemia and require translation to a meaningful action for impact.

Human RORγt(+)CD34(+) cells are lineage-specified progenitors of group 3 RORγt(+) innate lymphoid cells.

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are defined by the expression of the transcription factor RORγt, which is selectively required for their development. The lineage-specified progenitors of ILC3s and their site of development after birth remain undefined. Here we identified a population of human CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) that express RORγt and share a distinct transcriptional signature with ILC3s.

Recognition strategies of group 3 innate lymphoid cells.

During the early phase of an inflammatory response, innate cells can use different strategies to sense environmental danger. These include the direct interaction of specific activating receptors with pathogen-encoded/danger molecules or the engagement of cytokine receptors by pro-inflammatory mediators produced by antigen presenting cells in the course of the infection. These general recognition strategies, which have been extensively described for innate myeloid cells, are shared by innate lymphoid cells (ILC), such as Natural Killer (NK) cells.

Tissue distribution and dependence of responsiveness of human antigen-specific memory B cells.

Memory B cells (mBCs) are a key to immunologic memory, yet their distribution within lymphoid organs and the individual role of these for mBC functionality remain largely unknown. This study characterized the distribution and phenotype of human (Ag-specific) mBCs in peripheral blood (PB), spleen, tonsil, and bone marrow. We found that the spleen harbors most mBCs, followed by tonsils, BM, and PB, and we detected no major differences in expression of markers associated with higher maturity.

RORγt⁺ innate lymphoid cells acquire a proinflammatory program upon engagement of the activating receptor NKp44.

RORγt⁺ innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are crucial players of innate immune responses and represent a major source of interleukin-22 (IL-22), which has an important role in mucosal homeostasis. The signals required by RORγt⁺ ILCs to express IL-22 and other cytokines have been elucidated only partially. Here we showed that RORγt⁺ ILCs can directly sense the environment by the engagement of the activating receptor NKp44.

Human NK cells at early stages of differentiation produce CXCL8 and express CD161 molecule that functions as an activating receptor.

Human natural killer (NK) cell development is a step-by-step process characterized by phenotypically identified stages. CD161 is a marker informative of the NK cell lineage commitment, whereas CD56, CD117, and CD94/NKG2A contribute to define discrete differentiation stages. In cells undergoing in vitro differentiation from CD34(+) umbilical cord blood (UCB) progenitors, LFA-1 expression allowed to discriminate between immature noncytolytic CD161(+)CD56(+)LFA-1(-) and more differentiated cytolytic CD161(+)CD56(+)LFA-1(+) NK cells.