Fundamental Characterization of Conductive Intracardiac Communication for Leadless Multisite Pacemaker Systems.

Objective: A new generation of leadless cardiac pacemakers effectively overcomes the main limitations of conventional devices, but only offer single-chamber pacing, although dual-chamber or multisite pacing is highly desirable for most patients. The combination of several leadless pacemakers could facilitate a leadless multisite pacemaker but requires an energy-efficient wireless communication for device synchronization. This study investigates the characteristics of conductive intracardiac communication between leadless pacemakers to provide a basis for future designs of leadless multisite pacemaker systems.