Novel β-Benzyloxy-Substituted Copolymers of Seven-Membered Cyclic Carbonate: Ring-Opening Polymerization with L-Lactide, ε-Caprolactone and Trimethylenecarbonate.

To prepare novel biodegradable copolymers with functional substituents that are distributed statistically or randomly over the macromolecule chain and have improved characteristics compared to homopolymers, we conducted a series of synthetic experiments with a novel cyclic monomer, 5-(benzyloxy)-1,3-dioxepan-2-one (). This compound was synthesized, and its homopolymer, as well as its copolymers with L-lactide, ε-caprolactone and trimethylene carbonate, were prepared in a polymerization solution with stannous octoate as the initiator. The formation of the copolymers was confirmed using NMR spectroscopy and DSC data.

Electrotransport Properties of Perfluorinated Cation-Exchange Membranes of Various Thickness.

The present work discusses the influence of the thickness of MF-4SK perfluorinated sulfonic cation-exchange membranes on their electrotransport properties in hydrochloric acid solutions. It is found that diffusion permeability and conductivity are primarily determined with the specific water content of the membranes and increase with their increase. Analysis of the contribution of reverse diffusion through the membrane to the value of the limiting current shows that it can reach 20% for membranes with a thickness of 60 μm.

Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes with η:κ()-Coordinated Dicarbollide Ligands Containing Pendant Pyridine Group.

A series of - and -substituted -carborane derivatives with a pendant pyridyl group was prepared. The synthesized compounds were used as ligands in the complexation reactions with bis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II) and palladium(II) chlorides to give six new metallacomplexes with unusual η:κ()-coordination of the metal center. The single crystal structures of 1-(NCH-2'-S)-1,2-CBH, 1-(NCH-2'-CHS)-1,2-CBH, Cs [7-(NCH-2'-CHS)-7,8-CBH] - and -carboranes and 3-PhP-3-(4(7)-NCH-2'-S)--3,1,2-NiCBH and 3-PhP-3-(4(7)-NCH-2'-CHS)--3,1,2-NiCBH metallacarboranes were determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction.

Laboratory Cultivation of (Microsporidia: Nosematidae) in Artificially Infected Worker Bees.

Nosemosis type C is a dangerous and widespread disease of the adult European honey bee and is caused by the spore-forming intracellular parasite . The search for new ways of therapy for this disease is complicated due to the seasonal availability of -infected insects as well as the lack of a developed system for the pathogen's cultivation. By carrying out trials which used different infectious dosages of the parasite, spore storage protocols, host age, and incubation temperatures, we present a simple, safe, and efficient method of propagation in artificially infected worker bees in the laboratory.

The Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Complex Treatment of Kidney Tuberculosis (Experimental Study).

In recent years, the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been recognized as a promising method for treatment of different diseases associated with inflammation and sclerosis, which include nephrotuberculosis. The aim of our study is to investigate the effectiveness of MSCs in the complex therapy of experimental rabbit kidney tuberculosis and to evaluate the effect of cell therapy on the reparative processes. Methods: To simulate kidney tuberculosis, a suspension of the standard strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (10 CFU) was used, which was injected into the cortical layer of the lower pole parenchyma of the left kidney under ultrasound control in rabbits.

Construction of scFv Antibodies against the Outer Loops of the Microsporidium ATP/ADP-Transporters and Selection of the Fragment Efficiently Inhibiting Parasite Growth.

Traditional sanitation practices remain the main strategy for controlling infections caused by microsporidia . This actualizes the development of new approaches to increase the silkworm resistance to this parasite. Here, we constructed a mouse scFv library against the outer loops of ATP/ADP carriers and selected nine scFv fragments to the transporter, highly expressed in the early stages of the parasite intracellular growth.

Antimicrobial Activity and Sorption Behavior of AlO/Ag Nanocomposites Produced with the Water Oxidation of Bimetallic Al/Ag Nanoparticles.

The water oxidation of bimetallic Al/Ag nanoparticles has been shown to yield nanoscale structures whose morphology, phase composition and textural characteristics are determined by the synthesis conditions. Flower-like nanoscale structures with silver nanoparticles, with an average size of 17 nm, are formed in water at 60 °C. Under hydrothermal conditions at temperatures of 200 °C and a pressure of 16 MPa, boehmite nanoplatelets with silver nanoparticles, with an average size of 22 nm, are formed.

Structural and Electrotransport Properties of Perfluorinated Sulfocationic Membranes Modified by Silica and Zirconium Hydrophosphate.

A correlation between changes in structural and electrotransport properties of membranes after modification by silica and zirconium hydrophosphate was established. The total water volume, volume fraction of the free water in the membrane and the volume fraction of the water having high binding energy were considered as structural characteristics, which were found from the curves of water distribution on the water binding energy and the effective pore radii. The conductivity, diffusion and electroosmotic permeabilities were investigated as electrotransport properties.

Nanocomposite Membranes Based on Fluoropolymers for Electrochemical Energy Sources.

The physicochemical and transport properties (ion-exchange capacity, water content, diffusion permeability, conductivity, and current-voltage characteristic) of a series of perfluorinated membranes with an inert fluoropolymer content from 0 to 40%, obtained by polymer solution casting, were studied. Based on the analysis of the parameters of the extended three-wire model, the effect of an inert component on the path of electric current flow in the membrane and its selectivity were estimated. The mechanical characteristics of the membranes, such as Young's modulus, yield strength, tensile strength, and relative elongation, were determined from the dynamometric curves.

Heterologous expression of scFv fragment against Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae hexokinase in Sf9 cell culture inhibits microsporidia intracellular growth.

Secretion of hexokinase (HK) by microsporidia into infected cells suggests an important role for this enzyme for the intracellular development of parasites. To verify whether the expression of HK-specific antibodies in the host cell cytoplasm can suppress the growth of microsporidia, we constructed an immune library of recombinant scFv fragments against the enzyme of the honey bee pathogen Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae (VcHK) with a representativeness of about 5 million bacterial transformants. Two variants of VcHK-specific recombinant antibodies were selected by library panning and expressed in lepidopteran Sf9 cell line.

COVID-19 Pulmonary Pathology: The Experience of European Pulmonary Pathologists throughout the First Two Waves of the Pandemic.

Autoptic studies of patients who died from COVID-19 constitute an important step forward in improving our knowledge in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Systematic analyses of lung tissue, the organ primarily targeted by the disease, were mostly performed during the first wave of the pandemic. Analyses of pathological lesions at different times offer a good opportunity to better understand the disease and how its evolution has been influenced mostly by new SARS-CoV-2 variants or the different therapeutic approaches.

Synthesis of Zwitter-Ionic Conjugate of -Carborane with Cholesterol.

9-HC≡CCHMeN--7,8-CBH, a previously described carboranyl terminal alkyne, was used for the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition with azido-3β-cholesterol to form a novel zwitter-ionic conjugate of -carborane with cholesterol, bearing a 1,2,3-triazol fragment. The conjugate of -carborane with cholesterol, containing a charge-compensated group in the linker, can be used as a precursor for the preparation of liposomes for BNCT (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy). The solid-state molecular structure of a -carborane derivative with the 9-MeN(CH)MeN--7,8-CBH terminal dimethylamino group was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

[Influence of connective tissue differentiation on scar tissue formation in children].

Objective: To study the immunohistochemical features of various scar tissues in children without connective tissue pathology and with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia syndrome.

Material And Methods: Tissue biopsy was performed in 217 children who underwent surgical treatment for various lesions, such as injuries, burns, as well as other procedures. There were 127 boys (58.

Analysis of Risk Factors in COVID-19 Adult Mortality in Russia.

Background And Objective: Epidemiological data obtained during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic suggests that COVID-19 mortality has specific age and gender associations. However, limited epidemiological studies explored specific populational risk factors, including comorbidities, and patient clinical characteristics. The main aim of our retrospective cohort study was to analyze associations between age, gender, and comorbidities in deceased COVID-19 patients.

Synthesis and Structure of -Carboranyl Azide and Its "Click" Reactions.

Novel zwitter-ionic -carboranyl azide 9-N(CH)MeN--7,8-CBH was prepared by the reaction of 9-Cl(CH)MeN--7,8-CBH with NaN. The solid-state molecular structure of -carboranyl azide was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 9-N(CH)MeN--7,8-CBH was used for the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition with phenylacetylene, alkynyl-3β-cholesterol and cobalt/iron bis(dicarbollide) terminal alkynes to form the target 1,2,3-triazoles.

Bis(dicarbollide) Complexes of Transition Metals as a Platform for Molecular Switches. Study of Complexation of 8,8'-Bis(methylsulfanyl) Derivatives of Cobalt and Iron Bis(dicarbollides).

Complexation of the 8,8'-bis(methylsulfanyl) derivatives of cobalt and iron bis(dicarbollides) [8,8'-(MeS)-3,3'-M(1,2-CBH)] (M = Co, Fe) with copper, silver, palladium and rhodium leads to the formation of the corresponding chelate complexes, which is accompanied by a transition from the to the conformation of the bis(dicarbollide) complex. This transition is reversible and can be used in design of coordination-driven molecular switches based on transition metal bis(dicarbollide) complexes. The solid-state structures of {(PhP)ClPd[8,8'- (MeS)-3,3'-Co(1,2-CBH)-κ-S,S']} and {(COD)Rh[8,8'-(MeS)-3,3'-Co(1,2-CBH)-κ-S,S']} were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction.

[Multicenter study of the effectiveness of antiscar therapy in patients at different age periods].

Objective: Was to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-scar treatment with Contractubex gel in children and adults.

Material And Methods: A group of researchers based on clinical hospitals and university medical clinics carry out the multicenter study to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-scar treatment with Contractubex gel containing cepalin, allantoin and heparin, with its early appointment in groups of children from 12 to 18 years old and adults from 21 to 35 years old. The study included data from 216 patients.

[3d-technologies in hepatobiliary surgery].

The authors describe modern 3D technologies in hepatobiliary surgery. These approaches reduce the risk of intra- and postoperative complications. Virtual 3D reconstruction with clear visualization of parasitic cyst, adjacent vessels and bile ducts is valuable to create 3D-model of liver.

Pulmonary pathology and COVID-19: lessons from autopsy. The experience of European Pulmonary Pathologists.

Since its initial recognition in December 2019, Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has quickly spread to a pandemic infectious disease. The causative agent has been recognized as a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), primarily affecting the respiratory tract. To date, no vaccines are available nor any specific treatment.

Energy metabolism and its evolution in Microsporidia and allied taxa.

The reduction and specialization of the energy metabolism system is a common trait in the evolution of intracellular parasites. One group of fungi-related parasites, the Microsporidia, seems to have developed this trait far more than other eukaryotes. As an extreme adaptation for a parasitic lifestyle, some of them have completely lost the ability to synthesize ATP, relying heavily upon the metabolic processes of host cells to ensure their own development and reproduction.

Construction and heterologous overexpression of two chimeric proteins carrying outer hydrophilic loops of Vairimorpha ceranae and Nosema bombycis ATP/ADP carriers.

Microsporidia Nosema bombycis and Vairimorpha ceranae cause destructive epizootics of honey bees and silkworms. Insufficient efficiency of the antibiotic fumagillin against V. ceranae, its toxicity and the absence of effective methods of N.

Antibodies raised against a Sunn bug ( Put.) recombinant protease, rGHP3p2, can inhibit gluten-hydrolyzing activity.

Sunn pest or Sunn bug, Put., salivary gland proteases are responsible for the deterioration of wheat flour quality during dough mixing, resulting from gluten hydrolysis. These proteases are highly heterogeneous and show low sensitivity to most types of proteinaceous inhibitors, meaning that such inhibitors cannot be used to prevent gluten damage.

Expression of spider toxin in entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium and selection of the strain showing efficient secretion of the recombinant protein.

Beta/delta-agatoxin-1 of spider Agelena orientalis was expressed in entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium. To ensure secretion of the recombinant product by the fungus, the signal secretory peptide of the Metarhizium anisopliae Mcl1 protein was inserted into the sequence. For detection of the recombinant product and selection of transformants, the toxin sequence was also fused with eGFP at the C-terminus.

Heterologous overexpression of active hexokinases from microsporidia Nosema bombycis and Nosema ceranae confirms their ability to phosphorylate host glucose.

The secretion of hexokinases (HKs) by microsporidia followed by their accumulation in insect host nuclei suggests that these enzymes play regulatory and catalytic roles in infected cells. To confirm whether HKs exert catalytic functions in insect cells, we expressed in E. coli the functionally active HKs of two entomopathogenic microsporidia, Nosema bombycis and Nosema ceranae, that cause silkworm and honey bee nosematoses.