Fat tissue: views on reconstruction and exploitation.

Transplantation of autologous fat as pedicle or transposition flaps has been a classical method in plastic surgery for tissue reconstruction. The injection of fat for soft tissue reconstruction is also an old innovation. This approach has some significant drawbacks such as resorption of the fat transplant.

Tissue reactions to bioabsorbable ciprofloxacin-releasing polylactide-polyglycolide 80/20 screws in rabbits' cranial bone.

The aim of this study was to assess tissue reactions to bioabsorbable self-reinforced ciprofloxacin-releasing polylactide/polyglycolide (SR-PLGA) 80/20 screws in rabbits' cranial bone. Two screws were implanted in each rabbit, one screw on either side of the sagittal suture (n = 28 rabbits). Animals were sacrificed after 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 54 and 72 weeks, four animals per group.

Poly-L/D-lactide (PLDLA) 96/4 fibrous implants: histological evaluation in the subcutis of experimental design.

Poly-L/D-lactide (PLDLA) 96/4 fibrous implants have been introduced to engineer functional fibrous constructions in situ. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the guidance of the fibrous tissue formation and the tissue reaction of porous PLDLA 96/4 scaffolds implanted in subcutaneous tissue. Three various PLDLA 96/4 knitted-mesh scaffolds (Loose, Ordinary, and Dense) were implanted subcutaneously in 32 rats, and followed-up from 3 days until 48 weeks postsurgery.

Histologic analysis of bioabsorbable scleral buckling implants: an experimental study on rabbits.

Purpose: To analyze histologically tissue reactions to bioabsorbable PLA96 in rabbit eyes.

Methods: Scleral buckling operations were carried out in 48 rabbits. Two materials were used: bioabsorbable PLA96 (polylactide 96/4; L/D molar ratio 96/4) and silicone sponge.

Ciprofloxacin-releasing bioabsorbable polymer is superior to titanium in preventing Staphylococcus epidermidis attachment and biofilm formation in vitro.

Antibiotic coating systems have been successfully used to prevent bacterial attachment and biofilm formation. Our purpose was to evaluate whether bioabsorbable polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) 80/20 on its own, and PLGA together with ciprofloxacin (PLGA+C) have any advantages over titanium in preventing Staphylococcus epidermidis attachment and biofilm formation in vitro. Cylindrical specimens of titanium, PLGA, and PLGA+C in triplicate were examined for S.

Persistence of indentation with bioabsorbable poly-L/D-lactide versus silicone sponge scleral buckling implants.

Purpose: To measure the amount and duration of indentation depth achieved with biodegradable poly-L/D-lactide 96/4 (PLA96) and silicone sponge implants.

Methods: Thirty rabbits underwent a scleral buckling procedure. A PLA96 buckling implant was used in 15 rabbits and a silicone sponge buckling implant was in 15 rabbits.

Transphyseal bioabsorbable screws cause temporary growth retardation in rabbit femur.

A self-reinforced bioabsorbable poly-L-lactide/polyglycolide (SR-PLGA) 80/20 screw 2.0 mm in diameter was implanted transphyseally across the distal growth plate of the right femur in 24 immature rabbits. Radiologic evaluation revealed a mean shortening of 3.

Reinnervation of arterial grafts by adrenergic nerves occurs in rats as indicated by increased levels of noradrenaline.

To investigate the changes in noradrenaline concentrations in transplanted arterial grafts in rats, 31 female rats 4 to 6 weeks old of the AO/Ks:OC strain were operated on. Femoral arterial grafts were anastomosed to carotid arteries and compared with control femoral segments. Six rats were included in each follow-up group at 0, 1, 4, and 12 weeks, and there were seven rats in the 20-week follow-up group.

Successful use of biosorb osteofixation devices in 165 cranial and maxillofacial cases: a multicenter report.

Bioabsorbable osteofixation devices were developed to avoid problems associated with metals. Bioabsorbable devices are mostly made of the polymers polylactide, polyglycolide, and their copolymers [polyglycolide-co-polylactide and P(L/DL)LA]. Using the technique of self-reinforcement of bioabsorbable materials, it is possible to manufacture osteofixation devices with ultra high strength.

Degeneration and regeneration of perivascular innervation in arterial grafts.

Because the understanding of postoperative changes in arterial graft innervation is limited, this study was performed to characterize neuronal degeneration and regeneration events immunohistochemically in femoral arterial grafts transplanted to carotid arteries in rats. Specimens taken 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 5 months after surgery were assessed for vasoactive intestinal peptide, neurofilaments, growth-associated protein 43, tyrosine hydroxylase, and nitric oxide synthase isoenzymes. During neuronal degeneration, vasoactive intestinal peptide disappeared within 1 day, transmitter-synthesizing enzymes (nitric oxide synthase and tyrosine hydroxylase) had vanished by day 7, and neurofilaments (cytoskeletal markers) had essentially disappeared after 1 week.

Self-reinforced polylactide/polyglycolide 80/20 screws take more than 1(1/2) years to resorb in rabbit cranial bone.

The aim of this study was to assess tissue reactions to bioabsorbable self-reinforced polylactide/polyglycolide (SR-PLGA) 80/20 miniscrews in rabbit cranial bone. One PLGA screw was implanted on one side and one titanium screw on the other side of the sagittal suture (n = 21). Three animals were sacrificed after 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 54, and 72 weeks.

Noradrenaline levels rise significantly in rat arterial grafts at 6 hours postoperatively, and take 48 hours to come down.

The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of disappearance of noradrenaline in arterial grafts after their transplanation. Arterial grafts were harvested from AO/Ks:OC strain rats. In each rat, a graft was harvested from the femoral artery and transplanted into the common carotid artery.

Spotlight on naturally absorbable osteofixation devices.

The practice of using implants is growing day by day, and more foreign materials are being inserted for various indications. The field of implantology thus deserves intensive research and careful evaluation of results. Solutions to overcome current problems and risks are necessary.

Holding power of bioabsorbable self-reinforced poly-L/DL-lactide 70/30 tacks and miniscrews in human cadaver bone.

Several bioabsorbable internal fixation systems are currently in use in the field of bone surgery. To test the mechanical properties of recently developed amorphous self-reinforced poly-L/DL-lactide [SR-P(L/DL)LA] 70/30 tacks in comparison with commercially available SR-P(L/DL)LA 70/30 (BioSorbFX; Bionx Implants Ltd) miniscrews, SR-P(L/DL)LA miniscrews (length = 6.0 mm, core diameter = 1.

A new technique for correction of trigonocephaly using bioabsorbable osteofixation tacks and plates and a novel tack-shooter.

We report on the feasibility of applying bioabsorbable tacks using a new tack-shooter to fix bioabsorbable plates applied endocranially for the correction of three cases of trigonocephaly. Tacks do not require tapping or tightening because they are applied using a tack-shooter directly into drill holes in the bone. Hence, the technique saves valuable operative time.

Use of new bioabsorbable tacks and a tackshooter in cranial bone osteofixation saves operative time.

A new device (a tackshooter) to apply bioabsorbable tacks in craniofacial surgery has been developed. This new device was used in 15 children who underwent various cranioplasty procedures to demonstrate its reliability and simple technical application in cranial bone osteofixation. Bone segments were fixed together and to the cranial bones using Biosorb plates and tacks.

Bone tissue engineering: treatment of cranial bone defects in rabbits using self-reinforced poly-L,D-lactide 96/4 sheets.

This study is one of a series in which the authors evaluate various absorbable sheets to guide bone regeneration in cranial bone defects. The aim was to evaluate the use of self-reinforced poly-L,D-lactide 96/4 (SR-PLA96) sheets for cranial bone tissue engineering in experimental defects in rabbits. Square defects of 10 x 10 mm were created in the right parietal bone.

The use of bioabsorbable osteofixation devices in craniomaxillofacial surgery.

Because of problems associated with the conventional osteofixation devices used in craniomaxillofacial surgery, bioabsorbable devices have presented an appealing alternative. Devices made of the polymers polyglycolide (PGA) and polylactide (PLA) and their copolymers (PLGA and PLDLA) are currently the most commonly used. Strong implants can be manufactured from these polymers with a self-reinforcing technique and used in the treatment of fractures and osteotomies.

Comparison of the pull-out forces of bioabsorbable polylactide/glycolide screws (Biosorb and Lactosorb) and tacks: a study on the stability of fixation in human cadaver parietal bones.

The aim of this study was to compare the pull-out forces of bioabsorbable polylactide/glycolide (PLGA) tacks and screws in human cadaver parietal bones. Parietal bone pieces (c. 6 cm x 20 cm) were collected from five human male cadavers (age range: 47-75 years).

Bioabsorbable ciprofloxacin-containing and plain self-reinforced polylactide-polyglycolide 80/20 screws: pullout strength properties in human cadaver parietal bones.

The aim of this study was to compare the pullout forces of recently developed bioabsorbable ciprofloxacin-containing and plain self-reinforced polylactide/polyglycolide (SR-PLGA) miniscrews in human cadaver parietal bones. Parietal bone pieces (approximately 6 x 20 cm) were collected from five human male cadavers (44-75 years of age). Fifty plain SR-PLGA 80/20 miniscrews (diameter = 1.

Strength retention properties of self-reinforced poly L-lactide (SR-PLLA) sutures compared with polyglyconate (Maxon) and polydioxanone (PDS) sutures. An in vitro study.

Recent developments in manufacturing techniques have led to the development of strong bioabsorbable materials such as self-reinforced poly L-lactide (SR-PLLA) sutures. The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanical properties of SR-PLLA sutures in comparison with polyglyconate (Maxon) and polydioxanone (PDS) sutures in vitro. Sutures made of SR-PLLA (0.

A new technique for cranial bone osteofixation: use of bioabsorbable tacks and plates to fix parietal bone split grafts used for reconstruction of a posttraumatic frontal bone defect.

Recent advances in bioabsorbable devices have introduced tacks that do not require tapping. This may help to reduce operative time and, consequently, costs. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of a new method of cranial bone osteofixation using novel bioabsorbable tacks and plates instead of screws.

Holding power of bioabsorbable ciprofloxacin-containing self-reinforced poly-L/DL-lactide 70/30 bioactive glass 13 miniscrews in human cadaver bone.

Antibiotics-plus bioactive glass-containing bioabsorbable self-reinforced (SR) polylactide screws have been developed for antibacterial osteoconductive bone fixation. The aim of the present study was to test the pullout properties of these recently developed miniscrews. Ciprofloxacin-plus bioactive glass-containing SR-polylactide miniscrews (BC) were compared with miniscrews made of neat SR-polylactide (A), SR-polylactide with bioactive glass (B), and ciprofloxacin-containing SR-polylactide (C).