How the COVID-19 pandemic affects transgender health care - A cross-sectional online survey in 63 upper-middle-income and high-income countries.

Background: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, access to medical care is restricted for nearly all non-acute conditions. Due to their status as a vulnerable social group and the inherent need for transition-related treatments, transgender people are assumed to be affected particularly severely by the restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: As an ad hoc collaboration between researchers, clinicians and 23 community organizations, we developed a web-based survey in German that was translated into 26 languages.

[Autism Spectrum Disorders and Gender Dysphoria Among Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review on the Co-Occurrence].

Objective: The review systematically reviews the literature on co-occurring gender dysphoria/gender variance and autism spectrum disorder among children and adolescents.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted for the years 1946 to December 2018.

Results: 144 publications could be identified in the literature search.

[Treatment Experiences and Social Support in Individuals with Gender Incongruence/Gender Dysphoria - A ENIGI 5 Year Follow-Up Study in Three European Countries].

Introduction: Gender Dysphoria (GD) refers to a distress resulting from an incongruence between the individual's sex characteristics and the experience of their gender (Gender Incongruence, GI). The interaction between medical treatment of GI/GD and social support in the long-term has not been investigated sufficiently so far.

Material & Methods: Using an online questionnaire, the present study investigated n=117 individuals with GI/GD assigned male and n=52 assigned female at birth that had been referred to one of the specialized clinics of the European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence (ENIGI) in Belgium, the Netherlands, and Germany.

['How Much Sex do Medical Studies Need?' - A Survey of the Knowledge and Interest in Sexual Medicine of Medical Students.].

Because of the increasing need for medical care of problems concerning human sexuality, the International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM) in 2010 suggested to include sexual medicine in the current curricula of medical studies. Based on the ISSM's suggestions sexual medicine should be taught on a multidisciplinary basis throughout the whole study process. Furthermore, health care providers have repeatedly indicated that they have lacking knowledge concerning sexual medicine and patients have criticized that their health care providers only infrequently address their sexuality.

[Care of children and adolescents with gender dysphoria in the context of an interdisciplinary special consultation service].

In Germany, the situation of health care services for children and adolescents with gender dysphoria is insufficient. In 2006 a specialized multiprofessional outpatient clinic was founded at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf. Goals were improvement of health services for gender dysphoric children, development of treatment concepts, and gain of knowledge through research.

[Clinical treatment of children and adolescents with gender dysphoria from international experts' point of view].

The clinical treatment of children and adolescents with gender dysphoria is still a controversial issue. The aim of this study was to get an overview of the knowledge and experience of international experts and to highlight shared views as well as differences in theoretical convictions and treatment approaches. Half-structured, guide-line based interviews were carried out with international experts in the field.

[Sexual orientation and partner-choice of transsexual women and men before gender-confirming interventions].

Diverse partner relationship constellations of gender dysphoric women and men with different sexual orientations are explored in a sample of 93 persons before gender-confirming interventions in persons with female gender identity and male body characteristics (MF) and persons with male gender identity and female body characteristics (FM). While in both gender groups the majority is single, relationship patterns show differences. Apart from working life, FM already live predominantly in the new, male gender role and have partners by whom they are desired as males.