A novel concept for the synthesis of multiply doped gold clusters [(M@Au(n)M'(m))L(k)](q+).

Heterometal-doped gold clusters are poorly accessible through wet-chemical approaches and main-group-metal- or early-transition-metal-doped gold clusters are rare. Compounds [M(AuPMe3 )11 (AuCl)](3+) (M=Pt, Pd, Ni) (1-3), [Ni(AuPPh3 )(8-2n) (AuCl)3 (AlCp*)n ] (n=1, 2) (4, 5), and [Mo(AuPMe3 )8 (GaCl2 )3 (GaCl)](+) (6) were selectively obtained by the transmetalation of [M(M'Cp*)n ] (M=Mo, E=Ga, n=6; M=Pt, Pd, Ni, M'=Ga, Al, n=4) with [ClAuPR3 ] (R=Me, Ph) and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and ESI mass spectrometry. DFT calculations were used to analyze the bonding situation.

Oligonuclear molecular models of intermetallic phases: a case study on [Pd2Zn6Ga2(Cp*)5(CH3)3].

The synthesis, characterization, and theoretical investigation by means of quantum-chemical calculations of an oligonuclear metal-rich compound are presented. The reaction of homoleptic dinuclear palladium compound [Pd(2)(μ-GaCp*)(3)(GaCp*)(2)] with ZnMe(2) resulted in the formation of unprecedented ternary Pd/Ga/Zn compound [Pd(2)Zn(6)Ga(2)(Cp*)(5)(CH(3))(3)] (1), which was analyzed by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, MS, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 consisted of two C(s)-symmetric molecular isomers, as revealed by NMR spectroscopy, at which distinct site-preferences related to the Ga and Zn positions were observed by quantum-chemical calculations.

Zinc-rich compounds of iron and cobalt: formation of [Fe2Zn(n)] (n = 2-4) and [Co2Zn3] cores.

The reactions of heteroleptic GaCp*/CO containing transition metal complexes of iron and cobalt, namely [(CO)(3)M(μ(2)-GaCp*)(m)M(CO)(3)] (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; M = Fe, m = 3; M = Co, m = 2) and [Fe(CO)(4)(GaCp*)], with ZnMe(2) in toluene and the presence of a coordinating co-solvent were investigated. The reaction of the iron complex [Fe(CO)(4)(GaCp*)] with ZnMe(2) in presence of tetrahydrofurane (thf) leads to the dimeric compound [(CO)(4)Fe{μ(2)-Zn(thf)(2)}(2)Fe(CO)(4)] (1). Reaction of [(CO)(3)Fe(μ(2)-GaCp*(3))Fe(CO)(3)] with ZnMe(2) and stoichiometric amounts of thf leads to the formation of [(CO)(3)Fe{μ(2)-Zn(thf)(2)}(2)(μ(2)-ZnMe)(2)Fe(CO)(3)] (2) containing {Zn(thf)(2)} as well as ZnMe ligands.

The rich chemistry of [Zn2Cp*2]: trapping three different types of zinc ligands in the PdZn7 complex [Pd(ZnCp*)4(ZnMe)2{Zn(tmeda)}].

The synthesis, structural characterization, and bonding situation analysis of a novel, all-zinc, hepta-coordinated palladium complex [Pd(ZnCp*)(4)(ZnMe)(2){Zn(tmeda)}] (1) is reported. The reaction of the substitution labile d(10) metal starting complex [Pd(CH(3))(2)(tmeda)] (tmeda = N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-ethane-1,2-diamine) with stoichiometric amounts of [Zn(2)Cp*(2)] (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) results in the formation of [Pd(ZnCp*)(4)(ZnMe)(2){Zn(tmeda)}] (1) in 35% yield. Compound 1 has been fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and liquid injection field desorption ionization mass spectrometry.

Mixed phosphine and group-13 metal ligator complexes [(PR3)(a)M(ECp*)b] (M = Mo, Ni; E = Ga, Al; R = C6H5, cyclo-C6H11, CH3).

Treatment of [Mo(N(2))(PMe(3))(5)] with two equivalents GaCp* (Cp* = η(5)-C(5)(CH(3))(5)) leads to the formation of cis-[Mo(GaCp*)(2)(PMe(3))(4)] (1), while AlCp* did not react with this precursor. In addition, [Ni(GaCp*)(2)(PPh(3))(2)] (2a), [Ni(AlCp*)(2)(PPh(3))(2)] (2b), [Ni(GaCp*)(2)(PCy(3))(2)] (3a), [Ni(GaCp*)(2)(PMe(3))(2)] (3b), [Ni(GaCp*)(3)(PCy(3))] (4) and [Ni(GaCp*)(PMe(3))(3)] (5) have been prepared in high yields by a direct synthesis from [Ni(COD)(2)] and stoichiometric amounts of the ligands PR(3) and ECp* (E = Al, Ga), respectively. All compounds have been fully characterized by (1)H, (13)C, and (31)P NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies.

Homoleptic hexa and penta gallylene coordinated complexes of molybdenum and rhodium.

The reactions of molybdenum(0) and rhodium(I) olefin containing starting materials with the carbenoid group 13 metal ligator ligand GaR (R = Cp*, DDP; Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, DDP = HC(CMeNC(6)H(3)-2,6-(i)Pr(2))(2)) were investigated and compared. Treatment of [Mo(η(4)-butadiene)(3)] with GaCp* under hydrogen atmosphere at 100 °C yields the homoleptic, hexa coordinated, and sterically crowded complex [Mo(GaCp*)(6)] (1) in good yields ≥50%. Compound 1 exhibits an unusual and high coordinated octahedral [MoGa(6)] core.

Molecular alloys: experimental and theoretical investigations on the substitution of zinc by cadmium and mercury in the homologous series [Mo(M'R)12] and [M(M'R)8] (M=Pd, Pt; M'=Zn, Cd, Hg).

The synthesis and structural characterization of novel, metal-rich, highly coordinated compounds [Mo(M'R)(12)] and [M(M'R)(8)] (M: Pd, Pt, Mo; M': Zn, Cd; R: Me=CH(3), Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) are reported. Additionally, a description of the bonding situation of the new compounds by means of quantum-chemical calculations is presented including the Hg analogues. Reaction of [Pt(GaCp*)(4)] with CdMe(2) results in the formation of the unprecedented all-Cd coordinated [Pt(CdMe)(4)(CdCp*)(4)] (1).

One electron organozinc ligands in metal rich molecules by Ga/Zn exchange: from Cp*Rh(GaCp*)2 to Cp*Rh(ZnR)4 units.

Two unusual compounds, [{Cp*Rh(ZnCp*)(2)(ZnMe)(ZnCl)}(2)] (1) and [Cp*(2)Rh][(Cp*Rh)(6)Zn(18)Cl(12)(mu(6)-Cl)] (2), both bearing closed shell 18-electron square pyramidal Cp*RhZn(4) building units were obtained by combined Ga/Zn, Me/Cp* and Me/Cl exchange upon treatment of [Cp*Rh(GaCp*)(2)(GaCl(2)Cp*)] with ZnMe(2) (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl).

First dinuclear copper/gallium complexes: supporting Cu0 and Cu(I) centres by low-valent organogallium ligands.

The synthesis and structural characterisation of low-valent dinuclear copper(I) and copper(0) complexes supported by organogallium ligands has been accomplished for the first time by the reductive coordination reaction of [GaCp*] (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) and [Ga(ddp)] (ddp=HC(CMeNC(6)H(3)-2,6-iPr(2))(2) 2-diisopropylphenylamino-4-diisopropylphenylimino-2-pentene) with readily available copper(II) and copper(I) precursors. The treatment of CuBr(2) and Cu(OTf)(2) (OTf=CF(3)SO(3)) with [Ga(ddp)] under mild conditions resulted in elimination of [Ga(L)(2)(ddp)] (L=Br, OTf) and afforded the novel gallium(I)/copper(I) compounds [{(ddp)GaCu(L)}(2)] (L=Br (1), OTf (2)). The single-crystal X-ray structure determinations of 1 and 2 reveal that these molecules are composed of {(ddp)GaCu(L)} dimeric units, with planar Cu(I)-Ga(I) four-membered rings and short Cu(I).

Molecular alloys, linking organometallics with intermetallic Hume-Rothery phases: the highly coordinated transition metal compounds [M(ZnR)(n)] (n >or= 8) containing organo-zinc ligands.

This paper presents the preparation, characterization and bonding analyses of the closed shell 18 electron compounds [M(ZnR)(n)] (M = Mo, Ru, Rh, Ni, Pd, Pt, n = 8-12), which feature covalent bonds between n one-electron organo-zinc ligands ZnR (R = Me, Et, eta(5)-C(5)(CH(3))(5) = Cp*) and the central metal M. The compounds were obtained in high isolated yields (>80%) by treatment of appropriate GaCp* containing transition metal precursors 13-18, namely [Mo(GaCp*)(6)], [Ru(2)(Ga)(GaCp*)(7)(H)(3)] or [Ru(GaCp*)(6)(Cl)(2)], [(Cp*Ga)(4)RhGa(eta(1)-Cp*)Me] and [M(GaCp*)(4)] (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) with ZnMe(2) or ZnEt(2) in toluene solution at elevated temperatures of 80-110 degrees C within a few hours of reaction time. Analytical characterization was done by elemental analyses (C, H, Zn, Ga), (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy.

Reactions of cationic transition metal acetonitrile complexes [M(CH3CN)n]m+ with GaCp*: novel gallium complexes of iron, cobalt, copper and silver.

The reactions of the cationic transition metal acetonitrile complexes [M(CH3CN)n]m+ (m = 2: M = Fe, Co and m = 1: M = Cu, Ag) with GaCp* were investigated. The reaction of [Fe(CH3CN)6][BArF]2 (BAr(F) = [B{C6H3(CF3)2}4) with GaCp* leads to [Cp*Fe(GaCp*)3][BAr(F)] (1) via a redox neutral Cp* transfer and [Ga2Cp*][BAr(F)] as a by-product while the formation of [Cp*Co(GaCp*)3][BAr(F)]2 (2) from [Co(CH3CN)6][BAr(F)]2 is accompanied by oxidation of Co(II) to Co(III) with GaCp* as the oxidant. The reactions of [Cu(CH3CN)4][BAr(F)] and Ag[BPh4] with GaCp* lead to the formation of the homoleptic compounds [Cu(GaCp*)4][BAr(F)] (4) and [Ag(GaCp*)4][BPh4] (5), while treatment of Ag[CF3SO3] with GaCp* leads to the dimeric complex [Ag2(GaCp*)3(micro-GaCp*)2][CF3SO3]2 (6).

Syntheses and crystal structures of ruthenium and rhodium olefin complexes containing GaCp.

The reactivity of olefin containing complexes of the d(8) metals Ru(0) and Rh(I) toward GaCp* and AlCp* is presented. [Ru(eta(4)-butadiene)(PPh(3))(3)] reacts with GaCp* to give the substitution product [Ru(eta(4)-butadiene)(PPh(3))(2)(GaCp*)] (1), which proved to be stable in the presence of GaCp* even under hydrogenolytic conditions. In contrast, the bis-styrene complex [Ru(PPh(3))(2)(styrene)(2)] undergoes full substitution of the olefin ligands to give [Ru(PPh(3))(2)(GaCp*)(3)] (2), whereas reaction of [Ru(eta(2),eta(2)-COD)(eta(6)-COT)] (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene, C(8)H(12), COT = 1,3,5-cyclooctatriene, C(8)H(10)) and GaCp* leads to [Ru(eta(2),eta(2)-COD)(GaCp*)(3)] (3) under mild hydrogenolytic conditions.

Synthesis and structure of electron rich ruthenium polyhydride complexes and clusters containing AlCp* and GaCp*.

The reactions of the ruthenium hydride complexes [{Ru(COD)(H)(NH2NMe2)3}{BArF}] (BArF=B{C6H3(CF3)2}4), [{Cp*Ru}2(micro-H)4] and [{Cp*Ru}3(micro-H)3(micro3-H)2] with GaCp* and AlCp* are investigated. The reaction of [{Ru(COD)(H)(NH2NMe2)3}{BArF}] with GaCp* leads to substitution of the hydrazine ligands by GaCp* and the formation of [{Ru(COD)(H)(GaCp*)3}{BArF}] (), while the reactions of [{Cp*Ru}2(micro-H)4] and [{Cp*Ru}3(micro-H)3(micro3-H)2] with ECp* (E=Al, Ga) results in the formation of the polyhydride clusters [{Cp*Ru(micro-H)(H)(micro-ECp*)}2] (, E=Ga; , E=Al) and [{Cp*Ru}3(micro-H)5(micro3-ECp*)] (, E=Al; , E=Ga). All Ru complexes react upon coordination of the group 13 ligand without loss of H2 or reductive elimination of Cp*H and without insertion into the Ru-H bonds; some of the products, however, showing Ru-H-E bridging motifs.

Organometallic chemistry of Ga(+): formation of an unusual gallium dimer in the coordination sphere of ruthenium.

New insights into the distinct organometallic chemistry of the Ga(+) ion are presented. Ga(+) reacts as a strong electrophile with the electron rich ligand trismethylene-methane (C(CH(2))(3) (2-)) attached at Ru by insertion into a Ru--C bond. The resulting "gallamethylallyl" ligand behaves like strong nucleophile similar to known monovalent GaR species.