Working hours - tracking the current and future trends.

It is important to track the trends of future working hours, since working hours have strong associations to everyday life and work-life interaction, but also to health. In this paper we aim to track the current and future trends in working hours. We discuss the trends through the key dimensions of working hours: the length, timing, tempo and autonomy.

A Prospective Study of Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Mortality in Finland.

Objectives: To estimate the simultaneous effects of social isolation and loneliness on mortality.

Methods: We analyzed a representative Finnish sample (n = 8650) from the cross-sectional Living Conditions Survey of 1994, with a 17-year follow-up period (1995-2011), by using Cox regression models adjusted for several possible confounding variables. We examined the possible nonlinear threshold effect of social isolation on mortality.

Time pressure, working time control and long-term sickness absence.

Objectives: Perceived time pressure at work has increased in most European countries during recent decades. Time pressure may be harmful for employees' health and well-being. The aim of this register-based follow-up study is to investigate whether the effects of time pressure on long sickness absence vary by the level of working time control.

Combined effects of shiftwork and individual working time control on long-term sickness absence: a prospective study of Finnish employees.

Objective: To investigate whether the effects of shiftwork on long-term sickness absence vary according to the level of individual working time control (WTC).

Methods: A representative sample of Finnish employees (1447 men and 1624 women) was combined with a register-based follow-up. A negative binomial model was used in the analysis of long-term sickness absence days.

Night work and mortality: prospective study among Finnish employees over the time span 1984 to 2008.

There is considerable evidence showing that night work is associated with increased morbidity, but only a few studies have focused on its relation to mortality. This study investigates the relationship between the type of working-time arrangement (weekly night work/daytime work) and total and cause-specific mortality among men and women. The data consist of a representative working conditions survey of Finnish employees conducted in 1984 (2286 men/2216 women), which has been combined with register-based follow-up data from Statistics Finland covering the years 1985-2008.