Population Alcohol Consumption as a Predictor of Alcohol-Specific Deaths: A Time-Series Analysis of Aggregate Data.

Aims: The study examines whether the number of alcohol-specific deaths can be predicted by population total and/or beverage-specific alcohol consumption and if, how precisely. The data are annual series of spirits, wine, beer and total consumption and alcohol-specific deaths in Finland in the years 1969-2015.

Methods: We specify a Auto Regressive Distributed Lags model with cointegrated variables, to be used in prediction.

Predatory insects as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution.

Heavy metal concentrations of different predatory insects were studied near by a steel factory and from control sites. Waterstriders (Gerridae), dragon fly larvae (Odonata), antlion larvae (Myrmeleontidae) and ants (Formicidae) were analyzed by AAS. In most cases the metal concentrations were higher near the factory, but e.

Validation of the Hygicult E dipslides method in surface hygiene control: a Nordic collaborative study.

A collaborative study with Enterobacteriaceae was conducted to validate Hygicult E dipslides by comparison with violet red bile glucose agar (VRBGA) contact plates and swabbing, using stainless steel surfaces artificially contaminated with microbes at various levels. Twelve laboratories participated in the validation procedure. The total number of collaborative samples was 108.