Air pollution exposure disparities among ethnic groups in high-income countries: A scoping review.

Background: The adverse health effects of air pollution are well-established. Previous reviews have highlighted disparities in air pollution exposure between minoritized ethnic groups and majoritized ethnic groups. However, these reviews primarily focused on proximity to pollution sources rather than objectively measured concentrations.

In Vivo Effects of a GHR Synthesis Inhibitor During Prolonged Treatment in Dogs.

The activation of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) is a major determinant of body growth. Defective GHR signaling, as seen in human Laron dwarfism, resulted in low plasma IGF-1 concentrations and limited growth, but also marked absence in the development of breast cancer and type 2 diabetes. In vitro, we identified a small molecule (C#1) that inhibits the translation of GHR mRNA to receptor protein.

Identification of a "Blue Zone" in the Netherlands: A Genetic, Personal, Sociocultural, and Environmental Profile.

Background And Objectives: "Blue Zones" (BZs) are regions with exceptionally high numbers of longevous inhabitants. Several factors have been suggested to promote longevity in BZs, but the evidence generally does not meet scientific quality criteria. We aimed to characterize a municipality as a "relative BZ," satisfying 3 criteria: compared to other municipalities, more exceptionally longevous inhabitants, a higher life expectancy, and a more stable population.

The general external exposome and the development or progression of chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analyses.

The impact of environmental risk factors on chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the literature on the association between the general external exposome and CKD development or progression. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for case-control or cohort studies, that investigated the association of the general external exposome with a change in eGFR or albuminuria, diagnosis or progression of CKD, or CKD-related mortality.

Neuroinflammation is associated with Alzheimer's disease co-pathology in dementia with Lewy bodies.

Background: Neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease (AD) co-pathology may contribute to disease progression and severity in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). This study aims to clarify whether a different pattern of neuroinflammation, such as alteration in microglial and astroglial morphology and distribution, is present in DLB cases with and without AD co-pathology.

Methods: The morphology and load (% area of immunopositivity) of total (Iba1) and reactive microglia (CD68 and HLA-DR), reactive astrocytes (GFAP) and proteinopathies of alpha-synuclein (KM51/pser129), amyloid-beta (6 F/3D) and p-tau (AT8) were assessed in a cohort of mixed DLB + AD (n = 35), pure DLB (n = 15), pure AD (n = 16) and control (n = 11) donors in limbic and neocortical brain regions using immunostaining, quantitative image analysis and confocal microscopy.

Regional differences in synaptic degeneration are linked to alpha-synuclein burden and axonal damage in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.

Regional differences in synaptic degeneration may underlie differences in clinical presentation and neuropathological disease progression in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Here, we mapped and quantified synaptic degeneration in cortical brain regions in PD, PD with dementia (PDD) and DLB, and assessed whether regional differences in synaptic loss are linked to axonal degeneration and neuropathological burden. We included a total of 47 brain donors, 9 PD, 12 PDD, 6 DLB and 20 non-neurological controls.

Association of perceived and objective neighborhood walkability with accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time in the Maastricht Study.

Background: We investigated the association of neighborhood walkability with accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) and examined whether objective and subjective measures of walkability resulted in similar findings.

Methods: PA and SB from the first 7689 Maastricht Study participants ages 40-75 from 2010 to 2017 were measured using accelerometers for 7 days. Mean daily step count, light-intensity PA, moderate- to vigorous- intensity PA (MVPA), and SB were calculated.

The built environment and cardiovascular disease: an umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis.

Aims: To provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on objectively measured neighbourhood built environment exposures in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in adults.

Methods And Results: We searched seven databases for systematic reviews on associations between objectively measured long-term built environmental exposures, covering at least one domain (i.e.

Social and physical neighbourhood characteristics and 10-year incidence of depression and anxiety in older adults: Results from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam.

Objective: A growing literature suggests that neighbourhood characteristics are associated with mental health outcomes, but the evidence in older adults is inconsistent. We investigated the association of neighbourhood characteristics, pertaining to demographic, socio-economic, social and physical environment domains, with the subsequent 10-year incidence of depression and anxiety, in Dutch older adults.

Methods: In the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed four times between 2005/2006 and 2015/2016, using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (n = 1365) and the Anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (n = 1420).

Study of the Fermentation Characteristics of Non-Conventional Yeast Strains in Sweet Dough.

Despite the diverse functions of yeast, only a relatively homogenous group of yeasts is used in the baking industry. Much of the potential of the natural diversity of yeasts has not been explored, and the sensory complexity of fermented baked foods is limited. While research on non-conventional yeast strains in bread making is increasing, it is minimal for sweet fermented bakery products.

Development of a neighborhood obesogenic built environment characteristics index for the Netherlands.

Objective: Environmental factors that drive obesity are often studied individually, whereas obesogenic environments are likely to consist of multiple factors from food and physical activity (PA) environments. This study aimed to compose and describe a comprehensive, theory-based, expert-informed index to quantify obesogenicity for all neighborhoods in the Netherlands.

Methods: The Obesogenic Built Environment CharacterisTics (OBCT) index consists of 17 components.

Neighbourhood walkability in relation to cognitive functioning in patients with disorders along the heart-brain axis.

This study examined associations of neighbourhood walkability with cognitive functioning (i.e., global cognition, memory, language, attention-psychomotor speed, and executive functioning) in participants without or with either heart failure, carotid occlusive disease, or vascular cognitive impairment.

Axonal degeneration in the anterior insular cortex is associated with Alzheimer's co-pathology in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.

Background: Axons, crucial for impulse transmission and cellular trafficking, are thought to be primary targets of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Axonal degeneration occurs early, preceeding and exceeding neuronal loss, and contributes to the spread of pathology, yet is poorly described outside the nigrostriatal circuitry. The insula, a cortical brain hub, was recently discovered to be highly vulnerable to pathology and plays a role in cognitive deficits in PD and DLB.

Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam COVID-19 exposure index: a cross-sectional analysis of the impact of the pandemic on daily functioning of older adults.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop an index to measure older adults' exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic and to study its association with various domains of functioning.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA), a cohort study in the Netherlands.

Sugar Levels Determine Fermentation Dynamics during Yeast Pastry Making and Its Impact on Dough and Product Characteristics.

Fermented pastry products are produced by fermenting and baking multi-layered dough. Increasing our knowledge of the impact of the fermentation process during pastry making could offer opportunities for improving the production process or end-product quality, whereas increasing our knowledge on the sugar release and consumption dynamics by yeast could help to design sugar reduction strategies. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of yeast fermentation and different sugar concentrations on pastry dough properties and product quality characteristics.

Development of an objectively measured walkability index for the Netherlands.

Background: Walkability indices have been developed and linked to behavioural and health outcomes elsewhere in the world, but not comprehensively for Europe. We aimed to 1) develop a theory-based and evidence-informed Dutch walkability index, 2) examine its cross-sectional associations with total and purpose-specific walking behaviours of adults across socioeconomic (SES) and urbanisation strata, 3) explore which walkability components drive these associations.

Methods: Components of the index included: population density, retail and service density, land use mix, street connectivity, green space, sidewalk density and public transport density.

Predictors of resilience in older adults with lower limb osteoarthritis and persistent severe pain.

Background: Resilience refers to the process in which people function well despite adversity. Persistent severe pain may be considered an adversity in people with lower limb osteoarthritis (LLOA). The objectives of this study are: (1) to identify what proportion of older adults with LLOA and persistent severe pain show good functioning; and (2) to explore predictors of resilience.

Associations of changes in neighbourhood walkability with changes in walking activity in older adults: a fixed effects analysis.

Background: Supporting older adults to engage in physically active lifestyles requires supporting environments. Walkable environments may increase walking activity in older adults, but evidence for this subgroup is scarce, and longitudinal studies are lacking. This study therefore examined whether changes in neighbourhood walkability were associated with changes in walking activity in older adults, and whether this association differed by individual-level characteristics and by contextual conditions beyond the built environment.

Exploring Links Between Online Infidelity, Mate Poaching Intentions, and the Likelihood of Meeting Offline.

This study examines digitally enabled mate poaching on Ashley Madison, an online dating platform for extradyadic affairs. To explore mate poaching as a potential explanation for what drives users of Ashley Madison to transition their online relationships to offline encounters, we conducted a multinational survey of 1,676 users (88.5 percent male,  = 50.

Capturing Subjective Age, Subjective Life Expectancy, and Their Links With Older Adults' Health: The Dutch Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam.

This study compares the associations of two subjective lifetime perspectives, subjective age (SA) and subjective life expectancy (SLE), with physical performance, self-rated health, and depressive symptoms. 64 91-year-old participants were selected from three waves of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (2008/09, 2011/12, 2015/16; = 1822 participants, = 3500 observations) that included graphical and numerical measures of SA and SLE. We used generalized estimating equations to examine their associations with health.

Land use mix and physical activity in middle-aged and older adults: a longitudinal study examining changes in land use mix in two Dutch cohorts.

Background: With urbanization and aging increasing in coming decades, societies face the challenge of keeping aging populations active. Land use mix (LUM) has been associated with cycling and walking, but whether changes in LUM relate to changes in cycling/walking is less known.

Objectives: Our objective was to study the effect of LUM on cycling/walking in two Dutch aging cohorts using data with 10 years of follow-up.

Neighborhood environment, social participation, and physical activity in older adults with lower limb osteoarthritis: A mediation analysis.

Older adults with lower limb osteoarthritis (LLOA) are highly dependent on their physical and social environment for being physically active. Longitudinal data from 2286 older adults (M = 73.8 years; 50.

Green spaces, subjective health and depressed affect in middle-aged and older adults: a cross-country comparison of four European cohorts.

Background: Studies on associations between urban green space and mental health have yielded mixed results. This study examines associations of green space exposures with subjective health and depressed affect of middle-aged and older adults in four European cohorts.

Methods: Data came from four Western-European and Central-European ageing cohorts harmonised as part of the Mindmap project, comprising 16 189 adults with an average age of 50-71 years.