Postoperative pancreatic fistula risk assessment using digital pathology based analyses at the parenchymal resection margin of the pancreas - Results from the randomized multicenter RECOPANC trial.

Background: In pancreatic surgery Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) represents the most dreaded complication, for which pancreatic texture is acknowledged as one of the strongest predictors. No consensual objective reference has been defined to evaluate the pancreas composition. The presented study aimed to mine histology data of the pancreatic tissue composition with AI assist and correlate it with clinic-pathological parameters derived from the RECOPANC study.

Impact of ALDH1A1 Expression in Intrahepatic Cholangiocellular Carcinoma.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCC) is a rare malignant liver tumor with limited therapeutic advancements. Despite its increasing global incidence knowledge of treatment options remains stagnant, leading to poor five-year patient survival rates and high recurrence post-surgery. ALDH1A1, a member of the ALDH superfamily, is associated with cancer stem cells and has conflicting reports regarding its prognostic role in iCC.

AI-Assisted High-Throughput Tissue Microarray Workflow.

Immunohistochemical (IHC) studies of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples are a gold standard in oncology for tumor characterization, and the identification of prognostic and predictive markers. However, despite the abundance of archived FFPE samples, their research use is limited due to the labor-intensive nature of IHC on large cohorts. This study aimed to create a high-throughput workflow using modern technologies to facilitate IHC biomarker studies on large patient groups.

Spatiotemporal modeling quantifies cellular contributions to uptake of Aspergillus fumigatus in the human lung.

The human lung is confronted daily with thousands of microbial invaders reaching the lower respiratory tract. An efficient response by the resident type 1 and type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and alveolar macrophages (AMs) cells during the early hours of innate immunity is a prerequisite to maintain a non-inflammatory state, but foremost to rapidly remove harmful substances. One such human-pathogenic invader is the opportunistic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus.

Nanobody-mediated neutralization of candidalysin prevents epithelial damage and inflammatory responses that drive vulvovaginal candidiasis pathogenesis.

can cause mucosal infections in humans. This includes oropharyngeal candidiasis, which is commonly observed in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients, and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), which is the most frequent manifestation of candidiasis. Epithelial cell invasion by hyphae is accompanied by the secretion of candidalysin, a peptide toxin that causes epithelial cell cytotoxicity.

Exercise as the sum of our choices between behavioral alternatives: The Decisional Preferences in Exercising (DPEX) test.

Exercising can be theorized as the result of choosing one behavior over alternative behaviors. The Decisional Preferences in Exercising (DPEX) test is a computerized, easy-to-use, publicly available (open source Python code: https://osf.io/ahbjr/) and highly adaptive research tool based on this rationale.

Surrogate infection model predicts optimal alveolar macrophage number for clearance of Aspergillus fumigatus infections.

The immune system has to fight off hundreds of microbial invaders every day, such as the human-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The fungal conidia can reach the lower respiratory tract, swell and form hyphae within six hours causing life-threatening invasive aspergillosis. Invading pathogens are continuously recognized and eliminated by alveolar macrophages (AM).

Exercise or not? An empirical illustration of the role of behavioral alternatives in exercise motivation and resulting theoretical considerations.

Objective: Individuals' decisions to engage in exercise are often the result of in-the-moment choices between exercise and a competing behavioral alternative. The purpose of this study was to investigate processes that occur in-the-moment (i.e.

Acceptance of Different Self-sampling Methods for Semiweekly SARS-CoV-2 Testing in Asymptomatic Children and Childcare Workers at German Day Care Centers: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

Importance: Closure of day care centers (DCCs) to contain the COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with negative effects on children's health and well-being.

Objective: To investigate the acceptance of self-sampling methods for continuous SARS-CoV-2 surveillance among asymptomatic children and childcare workers (CCWs) in DCCs.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This nonrandomized pilot study included children and CCWs at 9 DCCs in Wuerzburg, Germany, from May to July 2021.

Tracking Self-Control - Task Performance and Pupil Size in a Go/No-Go Inhibition Task.

There is an ongoing debate about how to test and operationalize self-control. This limited understanding is in large part due to a variety of different tests and measures used to assess self-control, as well as the lack of empirical studies examining the temporal dynamics during the exertion of self-control. In order to track changes that occur over the course of exposure to a self-control task, we investigate and compare behavioral, subjective, and physiological indicators during the exertion of self-control.

The Influence of Affective Priming on the Affective Response During Exercise: A Replication Study.

The affective response during exercise is an important factor for long-term exercise adherence. Pottratz et al. suggested affective priming as a behavioral intervention for the enhancement of exercise-related affect.

Using COVID-19 Pandemic as a Prism: A Systematic Review of Methodological Approaches and the Quality of Empirical Studies on Physical Activity Behavior Change.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of scientific endeavors. The goal of this systematic review is to evaluate the quality of the research on physical activity (PA) behavior change and its potential to contribute to policy-making processes in the early days of COVID-19 related restrictions.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of methodological quality of current research according to PRISMA guidelines using Pubmed and Web of Science, of articles on PA behavior change that were published within 365 days after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Moving translational mass spectrometry imaging towards transparent and reproducible data analyses: a case study of an urothelial cancer cohort analyzed in the Galaxy framework.

Background: Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) derives spatial molecular distribution maps directly from clinical tissue specimens and thus bears great potential for assisting pathologists with diagnostic decisions or personalized treatments. Unfortunately, progress in translational MSI is often hindered by insufficient quality control and lack of reproducible data analysis. Raw data and analysis scripts are rarely publicly shared.

Feasibility of SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance Testing Among Children and Childcare Workers at German Day Care Centers: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

Importance: Closure of day care centers has been implemented globally to contain the COVID-19 pandemic but has negative effects on children's health and psychosocial well-being.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of surveillance among children and childcare workers and to model the efficacy of surveillance on viral spread prevention.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted at 9 day care centers in Wuerzburg, Germany, from October 2020 to March 2021.

Ex vivo immune profiling in patient blood enables quantification of innate immune effector functions.

The assessment of a patient's immune function is critical in many clinical situations. In complex clinical immune dysfunction like sepsis, which results from a loss of immune homeostasis due to microbial infection, a plethora of pro- and anti-inflammatory stimuli may occur consecutively or simultaneously. Thus, any immunomodulatory therapy would require in-depth knowledge of an individual patient's immune status at a given time.

Surgeon vs Pathologist for Prediction of Pancreatic Fistula: Results from the Randomized Multicenter RECOPANC Study.

Background: Surgically assessed pancreatic texture has been identified as the strongest predictor of postoperative pancreatic fistula. However, texture is a subjective parameter with no proven reliability or validity. Therefore, a more objective parameter is needed.

When Pandemic Hits: Exercise Frequency and Subjective Well-Being During COVID-19 Pandemic.

The governmental lockdowns related to the COVID-19 pandemic have forced people to change their behavior in many ways including changes in exercise. We used the brief window of global lockdown in the months of March/April/May 2020 as an opportunity to investigate the effects of externally imposed restrictions on exercise-related routines and related changes in subjective well-being. Statistical analyses are based on data from 13,696 respondents in 18 countries using a cross-sectional online survey.

Exercise Behavior and Mood during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Lessons for the Future.

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its associated governmental recommendations and restrictions have influenced many aspects of human life, including exercise and mental health. This study aims to explore the influence of COVID-19 on exercise behavior and its impact on mood states, as well as predict changes in exercise behavior during a similar future pandemic in Taiwan. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between 7 April and 13 May 2020 ( = 1114).

Cytopathological Heterogeneity of Circulating Tumor Cells in Non-metastatic Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.

Background/aim: The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTC) has been reported to have an impact on prognosis in different tumor entities. Little is known about CTC morphology and heterogeneity.

Patients And Methods: In a multicenter setting, pre-therapeutic peripheral blood specimens were drawn from patients with non-metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).

Hybrid Agent-Based Modeling of Infection to Quantitatively Investigate the Role of Pores of Kohn in Human Alveoli.

The healthy state of an organism is constantly threatened by external cues. Due to the daily inhalation of hundreds of particles and pathogens, the immune system needs to constantly accomplish the task of pathogen clearance in order to maintain this healthy state. However, infection dynamics are highly influenced by the peculiar anatomy of the human lung.

Conditional Gene Targeting Reveals Cell Type-Specific Roles of the Lysosomal Protease Cathepsin L in Mammary Tumor Progression.

Cathepsin L (Ctsl) is a cysteine protease mainly located within the endosomal/lysosomal cell compartment. High expression of Ctsl indicates poor prognosis in human breast cancer. However, the cell type-specific Ctsl functions responsible for this association remain elusive.

Affect and exertion during incremental physical exercise: Examining changes using automated facial action analysis and experiential self-report.

Recent research indicates that affective responses during exercise are an important determinant of future exercise and physical activity. Thus far these responses have been measured with standardized self-report scales, but this study used biometric software for automated facial action analysis to analyze the changes that occur during physical exercise. A sample of 132 young, healthy individuals performed an incremental test on a cycle ergometer.

Comparative Assessment of Aspergillosis by Virtual Infection Modeling in Murine and Human Lung.

is a ubiquitous opportunistic fungal pathogen that can cause severe infections in immunocompromised patients. Conidia that reach the lower respiratory tract are confronted with alveolar macrophages, which are the resident phagocytic cells, constituting the first line of defense. If not efficiently removed in time, conidia can germinate causing severe infections associated with high mortality rates.