Cheddar cheese production, structure and in-vitro semi-dynamic gastric digestion: The role of β-casein phenotype.

The objective of this study was to establish the impact of β-casein A1/A1, A1/A2 and A2/A2 phenotypes on the cheese-making process, cheese structure and on the subsequent in vitro gastric digestion properties of the cheese samples. The time required for curd cutting in cheese milk containing β-casein A2/A2 was significantly delayed, compared to milks containing β-caseins A1/A1 and A1/A2. After 180 days of ripening no differences were observed in the level of soluble nitrogen at pH 4.

The Impact of Varying Pasture Levels on the Metabolomic Profile of Bovine Ruminal Fluid.

A pasture or concentrate-based dietary regime impacts a variety of factors including both ruminal health and function, and consequently milk production and quality. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of feeding differing pasture levels on the metabolite composition of bovine ruminal fluid. Ruminal fluid was obtained from rumen-cannulated spring-calving cows (N = 9, Holstein-Friesian breed, average lactation number = 5) fed one of three diets across a full lactation season.

Impact of dietary regime on the metabolomic profile of bovine buttermilk and whole milk powder.

Introduction: Bovine milk contains a rich matrix of nutrients such as carbohydrates, fat, protein and various vitamins and minerals, the composition of which is altered by factors including dietary regime.

Objectives: The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of dietary regime on the metabolite composition of bovine whole milk powder and buttermilk.

Methods: Bovine whole milk powder and buttermilk samples were obtained from spring-calving cows, consuming one of three diets.

Pasture feeding improves the nutritional, textural, and techno-functional characteristics of butter.

There is an increasing consumer desire for pasture-derived dairy products, as outdoor pasture-based feeding systems are perceived as a natural environment for animals. Despite this, the number of grazing animals globally has declined as a result of the higher milk yields achieved by indoor TMR feeding systems, in addition to the changing climatic conditions and lower grazing knowledge and infrastructure. This has led to the development of pasture-fed standards, stipulating the necessity of pasture and its minimum requirements as the primary feed source for products advertising such claims, with various requirements depending on the region for which it was produced.

Impact of feeding regimes and lactation stage on sensory attributes of Cheddar cheese.

This study investigated the effects of diet and stage of lactation (SOL) on sensory profiles, texture, volatile profiles, and colour of Cheddar cheese. Cheddar cheese was manufactured from early-, mid-, and late-lactation milk obtained from seasonally calved cows (n = 54). Cows were assigned a diet; group 1: perennial ryegrass (GRS), group 2: total mixed ration (TMR), and group 3: partial mixed ration (PMR).

Impact of varying levels of pasture allowance on the nutritional quality and functionality of milk throughout lactation.

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of increasing proportions of grazed pasture in the diet on the composition, quality, and functionality of bovine milk across a full lactation. Fifty-four spring-calving cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups (n = 18), blocked on the basis of mean calving date (February 15, 2020 ± 0.8 d), pre-experimental daily milk yield (24.

Improving screening and management of latent tuberculosis infection: development and evaluation of latent tuberculosis infection primary care model.

Background: In Australia, demand for specialist infectious diseases services exceeds capacity to provide timely management of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in areas of high refugee and asylum seeker settlement. A model for treating LTBI patients in primary care has been developed and piloted in a refugee-focused primary health service (Monash Health Refugee Health and Wellbeing [MHRHW]) and a universal primary care clinic. This study reports on the development and evaluation of the model, focusing on the model feasibility, and barriers and enablers to its success.

Right Sizing Flint's Infrastructure in the Wake of the Flint Water Crisis Would Constitute an Additional Environmental Injustice.

Right sizing has become an essential talking point in discussing next steps for postindustrial and shrinking cities as they struggle to maintain outdated, outsized infrastructure. Yet the literature has been clear that balancing economic and social objectives must be a key part of the discussion, especially given that historical patterns of disinvestment have disproportionately affected socioeconomically disadvantaged and racial/ethnic minority populations. In this Viewpoint, we illuminate concerns on a recent article published in this journal on right sizing that Flint (MI) should have enacted in the wake of its catastrophic water crisis.

The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on referral characteristics in a national tertiary spinal injuries unit.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had profound implications on healthcare institutions.

Aims: This study aims to assess and compare referral patterns during COVID-19 to corresponding dates for the preceding 3 years (2017-2019), in order to preemptively coordinate the logistics of the surgical unit for similar future experiences.

Methods: Retrospective review for our institution, a national tertiary referral centre for spine pathology.

The Impact of Seasonality in Pasture-Based Production Systems on Milk Composition and Functionality.

Seasonal calving, pasture-based dairy systems are widely practiced in countries with a temperate climate and plentiful rainfall such as Ireland and New Zealand. This approach maximizes milk production from pasture and, consequently, is a low-cost, low-input dairy production system. On the other hand, the majority of global milk supply is derived from high input indoor total mixed ration systems where seasonal calving is not practiced due to the dependence on ensiled silages, grains and concentrated feeds, which are available year-round.

Role of Nutrition Education in Pharmacy Curriculum-Students' Perspectives and Attitudes.

Unlabelled: Many pharmacists report they lack nutritional knowledge and believe the best time to educate pharmacists about nutrition is during pharmacy school.

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine if today's pharmacy students receive education in nutrition and if they realize the importance of a nutrition course.

Methods: Ninety-five pharmacy students attending pharmacy school were surveyed in two pharmacy schools in the United States.

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in February 2020 and Implications of Genomic Sequencing for SARS-CoV-2.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a newly recognized disease process that can complicate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We present what we believe to be the earliest case of MIS-C, occurring in February 2020. Our patient's SARS-CoV-2 infection was caused by an emerging lineage with the D614G variant in the spike protein.

Latent tuberculosis in the general practice context.

Background: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is an asymptomatic condition that may progress to active tuberculosis (TB), sometimes decades after exposure. Most people with active TB in Australia have not had recent contact and have been unaware of their risk. Tests for LTBI are available, allowing for diagnosis and preventive therapy to avoid active disease.

Building capacity in primary health care to respond to the needs of asylum seekers and refugees in Melbourne, Australia: the 'GP Engagement' initiative.

Asylum seekers and refugees experience poorer health than the broader Australian population. Universal primary healthcare services play an integral role in supporting and optimising the health and wellbeing of these communities. However, clinical-level issues frequently compromise the quality of care provided to these groups.

Food insecurity is associated with higher-than-normal blood serum copper level.

Objective: To determine associations between household food security status and risk of Cu toxicity.

Design: A population-level cross-sectional study to determine adult household food security status and its relationship with serum total Cu concentration (serum Cu) using multivariable regression models.

Setting: Adult participants in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014.

Operative Management of Perinatal Lumbar Disc Herniation and Cauda Equina Syndrome: A Case Series.

Introduction Perinatal lumbar discectomy for lumbar disc herniation or cauda equina syndrome is a rare clinical scenario. This case series outlines the surgical management of this clinical scenario at a national tertiary referral centre over a 10-year period Methods A retrospective review of all females who underwent discectomy / decompression for lumbar disc herniation or cauda equina syndrome in the perinatal period at a national tertiary referral centre for spine surgery over a 10-year period between January 2008 to December 2017. Results 6 cases required surgical intervention.

Development of Pulmonary Hypertension During Treatment with Diazoxide: A Case Series and Literature Review.

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycemia in infancy. The mainstay of medical management for CHI is diazoxide. Diazoxide inhibits insulin release from the pancreas, but also causes smooth muscle relaxation and fluid retention so it is typically given with chlorothiazide.

Anterior Versus Posterior Thoracic Discectomy: A Systematic Review.

Study Design: Systematic literature review.

Objective: The aim of this study was to systematically review the current evidence in the literature on thoracic discectomies, to compare the clinical outcomes, and to determine whether there is evidence to support the use of either the anterior or posterior approach.

Summary Of Background Data: Thoracic disc herniations (TDHs) often present with myelopathy, radiculopathy, or a combination of both.

Concomitant cervical fractures without neurological symptoms: a case report.

Background: Non-contiguous spinal fractures are rare and most frequently occur in a fall from a height, or high energy trauma such as a road traffic accident (Reid, J Trauma 27:980-986, 1987). Cervical spine fractures tend to occur at two levels, one-third of injuries occur at the level of C2, and one-half of injuries occur at the level of C6 or at C7 (Wittenberg, Spine 27:254-257, 2002). The most devastating and fatal cervical spine injuries occur in upper cervical levels, either at craniocervical junction C1 or C2.

Review of Time to Surgical Decompression in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injured Patients.

Interventions which may improve neurological outcomes, including time to surgical decompression, in traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) evoke much interest. The majority of TSCI patients in Ireland are managed acutely at the National Spinal Injuries Unit (NSIU). A retrospective review of healthcare records of TSCI patients, who had surgical management there, in 2010, 2011, 2012, was performed.

Management of squamous cell cancer of the oesophagus in a patient with a polyglandular endocrinopathy (APECED) and achalasia.

Introduction: We report a case of a 37-year-old man, with a background of a rare polyglandular autoimmune syndrome and achalasia, who developed an oesophageal tumour. Both autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) or type I polyglandular syndrome and achalasia confer increased risk of development of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods: Despite having had multiple endoscopic examinations and dilatations in the recent past, this patient presented with dysphagia, and on endoscopy, he was found to have a mid-oesophageal tumour.

Paediatric sutureless circumcision--an alternative to the standard technique.

Introduction: Circumcision is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in male children. A range of surgical techniques exist for this commonly performed procedure. The aim of this study is to assess the safety, functional outcome and cosmetic appearance of a sutureless circumcision technique.