Change in eating and body related behaviors during the first year of university.

Significant changes in BMI, disordered eating, and body image dissatisfaction occur during the first year of university. However, previous research has not yet isolated the key factors that lead to these changes. This study sought to add to the body of research in this area by investigating students' eating attitudes, behaviors, body image, and weight at the beginning and the end of the first year of university.

Patients with dual diagnoses or substance use disorders only: 12-step group participation and 1-year outcomes.

We compared outpatients (regional facility) with substance use and psychiatric (N = 199) or only substance use (N = 146) disorders on baseline and one-year symptoms (93% follow-up), and treatment and 12-step group participation over the year (2005). We examined whether diagnostic status moderated associations between participation and outcomes (Addiction Severity Index) with regressions. At follow-up, dual diagnosis patients had more severe symptoms, despite comparable treatment.

Prevalence and correlates of intimate partner violence victimization among men and women entering substance use disorder treatment.

Intimate partner violence victimization was examined in men (N = 4,459) and women (N = 1,774) entering substance use disorder treatment. Nearly 1 in 2 women and 1 in 10 men reported lifetime victimization by an intimate partner. Entering treatment for alcohol, as compared to drug abuse and history of childhood abuse, were each associated with intimate partner violence victimization.

Treatment, alcoholics anonymous, and 16-year changes in impulsivity and legal problems among men and women with alcohol use disorders.

Objective: The link between impulsive personality traits and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) is well established. No studies, however, have investigated whether receipt of help for AUDs predicts change in impulsivity or whether such change is associated with relevant outcomes such as legal problems. The present study examined predictive associations between the duration of help for AUDs (Alcoholics Anonymous [AA], professional treatment) and impulsivity and legal problems over 16 years in men and women with AUDs.

Parental depression as a moderator of secondary deficits of depression in adult offspring.

This study examined whether having a depressed parent intensifies the secondary deficits that often co-occur with offspring's depression symptoms. The sample was adult offspring of parents who had been diagnosed with depression 23 years earlier (N = 143) and demographically matched nondepressed parents (N = 197). Respondents completed mailed questionnaires.

Gender differences in 16-year trends in assault- and police-related problems due to drinking.

This study examined the frequency and predictors of physical assault and having trouble with the police due to drinking over 16 years among women and men who, at baseline, were untreated for their alcohol use disorder. Predictors examined were the personal characteristics of impulsivity, self-efficacy, and problem-solving and emotional-discharge coping, as well as outpatient treatment and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) participation. Women and men were similar on rates of perpetrating assault due to drinking, but men were more likely to have had trouble with the police due to drinking.

Does a history of violence influence treatment, self-help, and 1-year outcomes in substance use disorder patients?

Rates of violence perpetration are high among patients with substance use disorder, but the impact of violence on substance use disorder treatment outcomes has received little attention. Patients with (n = 155) or without (n = 190) a history of difficulty controlling violent behavior were interviewed at entry to substance use disorder treatment and 1 year later. Substance use disorder severity, amount of treatment, and extent of participation in 12-step self-help groups were assessed to examine potential differences in treatment outcomes between violent and non-violent patients.

Impact of substance-use disorder treatment on women involved in prostitution: substance use, mental health, and prostitution one year after treatment.

Objective: Prostitution is common among women with substance-use disorders (SUDs). However, little is known about the outcomes of SUD treatment for women involved in prostitution relative to their peers or the impact of SUD treatment on subsequent prostitution.

Method: Participants were 1,287 women from a national study of SUD treatment sites.

Women's past-year prostitution status and receipt of substance abuse treatment services.

Objective: The study compared services received in substance abuse treatment programs by women who reported involvement in prostitution and by those who did not.

Methods: Women (N=1,604) in a national study of substance abuse programs completed a structured interview assessing substance abuse, demographic characteristics, and past-year prostitution at program entry. At discharge, information was gathered on treatment modality (residential including inpatient, or outpatient), duration, and amounts of medical, mental health, and psychosocial services received during treatment.

History of physical or sexual abuse and participation in 12-step self-help groups.

Objectives: Although 12-step groups are an important resource for managing substance use problems, their efficacy for patients with a physical or sexual abuse history is unknown.

Methods: In the present study, patients with a history of physical or sexual (n = 122) or no (n = 143) abuse were interviewed at entry to outpatient substance use treatment at the Veterans Administration.

Results: After adjusting for baseline substance use, physical or sexual abuse was associated with more attendance at and involvement in 12-step groups.

Characteristics of depressed and nondepressed adult offspring of depressed and matched nondepressed parents.

Background: Our aim was to compare adults who were depressed or nondepressed offspring of depressed or matched nondepressed parents on functioning.

Methods: Participants were adult children of depressed (n=143) or nondepressed (n=197) parents who participated in a larger study. They completed self-report measures of depression symptoms, medical conditions and pain, family and social functioning, life stressors and coping, and help used for mental health problems.

Women's childhood and adult adverse experiences, mental health, and binge drinking: the California Women's Health Survey.

Background: This study examined sociodemographic, physical and mental health, and adult and childhood adverse experiences associated with binge drinking in a representative sample of women in the State of California.

Materials And Methods: Data were from the 2003 to 2004 (response rates of 72% and 74%, respectively) California Women's Health Survey (CWHS), a population-based, random-digit-dial annual probability survey sponsored by the California Department of Health Services. The sample was 6,942 women aged 18 years or older.

Lifetime physical and sexual abuse and substance use treatment outcomes in men.

Although lifetime physical and sexual abuse are common among substance use disorder (SUD) patients, few studies have examined the impact of abuse on treatment outcomes, particularly for men. Men with lifetime physical (n = 49), sexual (n = 49), or no abuse (n = 117) history were assessed at entry to outpatient SUD treatment and at 6 and 12 months postintake. Men with a history of physical or sexual abuse had more severe drug problems at intake, but by 6 months, there were no group differences in drug use.

Functioning status of adult children of depressed parents: a 23-year follow-up.

Background: We compared adult offspring of depressed or control parents who were followed for 23 years. Comparisons were on depression symptoms, physical functioning and disability, social functioning, and utilization of help and coping. Also examined was whether the parent's course of depression (stably remitted, partially remitted, non-remitted) was associated with offspring functioning.

A randomized controlled trial of intensive referral to 12-step self-help groups: one-year outcomes.

Objective: This study implemented and evaluated procedures to help clinicians make effective referrals to 12-step self-help groups (SHGs).

Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) entering a new outpatient treatment episode (N=345; 96% had previous SUD treatment) were randomly assigned to a standard referral or an intensive referral-to-self-help condition and provided self-reports of 12-step group attendance and involvement and substance use at baseline and at six-month and one-year follow-ups (93%). In standard referral, patients received a schedule for local 12-step SHG meetings and were encouraged to attend.

Rigid and flexible control of eating behavior and their relationship to dieting status.

This study examined whether or not rigid and flexible dimensions of restraint could differentiate between women who self-identified as dieting to lose weight versus those who self-identified as dieting to maintain weight. Four hundred thirty-three women responded to dichotomous questions regarding their dieting status and completed the Eating Inventory and Rigid and Flexible Control Scales (RC16 and FC12, respectively). Logistic regressions were conducted using dieting status as the dependent variable and RC16 scores, FC12 scores, susceptibility to overeating, and BMI as the independent variables.

Predictors of 16-year mortality among individuals initiating help-seeking for an alcoholic use disorder.

Background And Methods: We examined rates and predictors of mortality in individuals (47% women) who had just initiated help-seeking for their alcohol use disorders (AUDs) at the start of the study (n=628) and were followed for 16 years.

Results: For both women and men, the observed-to-expected mortality ratio (1.4) was lower than rates found in samples of treated individuals with AUDs, suggesting that those initiating help-seeking careers have better chances of long-term survival.

Gender, treatment and self-help in remission from alcohol use disorders.

Objectives: To examine gender differences in the influence of treatment, self-help groups and life context and coping factors on remission among initially untreated individuals with alcohol use disorders.

Design: A naturalistic study in which individuals were assessed at baseline and 1, 8 and 16 years later.

Setting: Participants initiated help-seeking with the alcoholism service system by contacting an information and referral service or detoxification program.

Outcomes and costs of matching the intensity of dual-diagnosis treatment to patients' symptom severity.

This study evaluated a patient-treatment matching strategy intended to improve the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of acute treatment for dual-diagnosis patients. Matching variables were the severity of the patient's disorders and the program's service intensity. Patients (N = 230) with dual substance use and psychiatric disorders received low or high service-intensity acute care in 1 of 14 residential programs and were followed up for 1 year (80%) using the Addiction Severity Index.

Intensive referral to 12-Step self-help groups and 6-month substance use disorder outcomes.

Aims: This study implemented and evaluated procedures to help clinicians make effective referrals to 12-Step self-help groups.

Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting Out-patient substance use disorder treatment.

Determinants of 12-step group affiliation and moderators of the affiliation-abstinence relationship.

This study examined characteristics of substance use disorder (SUD) outpatients at intake to treatment (N=345) that were associated with more 12-step group attendance and involvement, Steps worked, and acceptance of 12-step philosophy at a 6-month follow-up (N=281, 81.4%). Patient characteristics covered the domains of sociodemographics, SUD severity, personal functioning, and previous help received.

Treatment for dual diagnosis patients in the psychiatric and substance abuse systems.

The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the extent to which psychiatric and substance abuse programs treating dual diagnosis patients in the residential and outpatient modalities offered the components recommended for this client group. Surveys were completed by managers of 753 programs in the Department of Veterans Affairs that had a treatment regimen oriented to dual diagnosis patients. Programs within both the psychiatric and substance abuse systems had some of the key services of integrated treatment (e.

The 8-year course of alcohol abuse: gender differences in social context and coping.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare women (n=230) and men (n=236) who had alcohol use disorders in terms of social context and coping methods and in terms of changes in these indices associated with participation in professional treatment and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).

Methods: Initially untreated problem drinkers were followed up for 8 years.

Results: Women and men did not differ in regard to the type of help received, but women had longer professional treatment.