New Advances in the Study of Regulation of Tomato Flowering-Related Genes Using Biotechnological Approaches.

The tomato is a convenient object for studying reproductive processes, which has become a classic. Such complex processes as flowering and fruit setting require an understanding of the fundamental principles of molecular interaction, the structures of genes and proteins, the construction of signaling pathways for transcription regulation, including the synchronous actions of -regulatory elements (promoter and enhancer), trans-regulatory elements (transcription factors and regulatory RNAs), and transposable elements and epigenetic regulators (DNA methylation and acetylation, chromatin structure). Here, we discuss the current state of research on tomatoes (2017-2023) devoted to studying the function of genes that regulate flowering and signal regulation systems using genome-editing technologies, RNA interference gene silencing, and gene overexpression, including heterologous expression.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated мultiplexed multi-allelic mutagenesis of genes located on A, B and R subgenomes of hexaploid triticale.

The first-time generation of hexaploid triticale plants harbouring variable panels of novel mutations in gene families involved in starch biosynthesis has been achieved by the subgenome-independent multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing.

Recent Advances in Studying the Regulation of Fruit Ripening in Tomato Using Genetic Engineering Approaches.

Tomato ( L.) is one of the most commercially essential vegetable crops cultivated worldwide. In addition to the nutritional value, tomato is an excellent model for studying climacteric fruits' ripening processes.

Effect of Gene Silencing of Translation Initiation Factors eIF(iso)4G and eIF(iso)4E on Sour Cherry Rootstock Resistance to Sharka Disease.

Sharka disease, caused by the (PPV), is one of the most harmful, quarantine viral diseases that affect stone fruit crops. The absence of natural resistance to the virus in stone fruits has become a decisive factor for the use of genetic transformation methods to obtain stable forms. The and genes encode translation initiation factors used in the PPV life cycle.

CRISPR/Cas9-induced modification of the conservative promoter region of alters the heading time of hexaploid bread wheat.

In cereals, the vernalization-related gene network plays an important role in regulating the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase to ensure optimal reproduction in a temperate climate. In hexaploid bread wheat ( L.), the spring growth habit is associated with the presence of at least one dominant locus of gene (), which usually differs from recessive alleles due to mutations in the regulatory sequences of the promoter or/and the first intron.

Evaluation of Plant-Derived Promoters for Constitutive and Tissue-Specific Gene Expression in Potato.

Various plant-derived promoters can be used to regulate ectopic gene expression in potato. In the present study, four promoters derived from the potato genome have been characterized by the expression of identical cassettes carrying the fusion with the reporter β-glucuronidase () gene. The strengths of , , , and promoters were compared with the conventional constitutive CaMV promoter in various organs (leaves, stems, roots, and tubers) of greenhouse-grown plants.

Functional characterization of a strong promoter of the early light-inducible protein gene from tomato.

The tomato ELIP gene promoter is mainly active in the ripening fruit. Considering its high activity, the promoter could be used for molecular breeding of plants in the future. The ability to obtain new varieties of transgenic plants with economically valuable traits relies on a high level of target gene expression, which is largely controlled by a gene promoter.

[The effect of various multimodal analgesia regimens during surgical treatment of patients with spinal stenosis on the rate of failed back surgery syndrome].

Objective: To determine the effect of various methods of perioperative analgesia on the rate of failed back surgery syndrome in patients operated on for spinal stenosis.

Material And Methods: A total of 122 patients were operated on for spinal stenosis in 2010-2016. The patients were assigned to groups according to the type of received analgesia: Group K (n=19) underwent analgesia on-demand.

Production of Marker-Free Apple Plants Expressing the Supersweet Protein Gene Driven by Plant Promoter.

The presence of antibiotic resistance and other marker genes in genetically modified plants causes concern in society because of perceived risks for the environment and human health. The creation of transgenic plants that do not contain foreign genetic material, especially that of bacterial and viral origin, largely alleviates the tension and makes the plants potentially more attractive for consumers. To produce marker-free transgenic apple plants, we used the pMF1 vector, which combines recombinaseR and a bifunctional selectable gene.

[Prognostic models of the severity of acute dynamic pain on the first postoperative day and the likelihood of chronic postoperative pain in spine surgery].

Unlabelled: The risk factors for acute pain as well as chronic pain syndrome (CPS) in spine surgery have not been defined to date.

Purpose: To define the prognostic parameters of acute pain severity and the risk of CPS in patients operated on for spinal diseases and injuries.

Material And Methods: The study included 291 patients operated on for degenerative diseases and injuries of the spine at the Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine in 2010-2016.

Guide RNA Design for CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Potato Genome Editing.

The activity of the pool of sgRNA molecules designed for different regions of potato coilin and phytoene desaturase genes was compared in vitro. Due to the presence of nucleotides unpaired with DNA, sgRNA is able not only to inhibit but also to stimulate the activity of the Cas9-sgRNA complex in vitro. Although the first six nucleotides located in the DNA substrate proximally to the PAM site at the 3' end are the binding sites for cas9, they had no significant effect on the activity of the Cas9-sgRNA complex.

[THE CHOICE OF PERIOPERATIVE MULTIMODAL ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS WITH LUMBAR HERNIATED DISC: THE PRELIMINARY RESULTS.].

Design: 129 patients scheduled for elective lumbar discectomy in 2010-2013 were enrolled in prospective study. Group K (n=20) underwent general anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia on-demand. Group PMA+SA (n=23) got subarachnoid block and preventive multimodal analgesia (PMA) including ketoprofen, paracetamol and nalbuphine.

[CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CARDIAC BIOMARKERS INCREASING AND THEIR INTERRELATIONS IN SURGERY WITH CARDIO-PULMONARY BYPASS.].

Background: Levelfor cardiac troponin I (TrI) and MB-fraction of creatine kinase (CKMB) increases in cardiomyocyte necrosis, and B-type natriuretic peptide (of BNP) increasing reflects ventricular overload.

The Aim: to study the dynamics of BNP, TRI and CKMV in myocardial revascularisation with cardio-pulmonary bypass and to evaluate the clinical significance of these biomarkers elevated levels and establishing the relationship between BNP and markers of myocardial damage in the perioperative period Materials and methods. The study included 52 patients aged 62.

[ROLE OF ANESTHESIOLOGIST IN CHRONIC PAIN MANAGEMENT].

About 23% of the population according to WHO data suffer from chronic pain. It significantly reduces the quality of life of this patients and lead to their disability. Physicians of any existing specialties in Russia are not trained properly to the treatment of chronic pain.

[INTRATHECAL OPIOID ANALGESIA - STATE IN THE WORLD AND IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION].

Intrathecal opioid analgesia has been used in clinic practice since 1979 and has gained a great popularity till now due to its high analgesic potency Unfortunately it is impossible to use opioids intrathecally in Russian Federation by law because of nowadays official limitations. Russian national anaesthesiologic society should comprehend benefits and side effects of this method and make a decision if it is worth fighting for.

[Predicting of postoperative pain level and morphine consumption by preoperative pressure pain assessment in patients before elective surgery].

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to predict a postoperative pain severity and morphine consumption by preoperative pressure pain assessment.

Design: 321 patients scheduled for elective surgery (lumbar discectomy, lumbar spinal fusion, hysterectomy, thoracotomy and total hip replacement) in 2009-2013 were enrolled in retrospective study. Pre-operatively, the pain threshold (PTH) and tolerance (PT) in Newton (N) were measured using the pressure algometry.

[Comparative characteristics of using isoflurane, sevoflurane and target concentration of propofol during reconstructive operations on the carotid arteries].

Goal Of The Study: To compare effects of isoflurane, sevoflurane and target concentration of propofol on the systemic hemodynamics, cerebral blood flow and cerebral oximetry of the brain during the carotid endarterectomy.

Materials And Methods: We studied 95 patients. The patients were divided into 3 groups.

[Mini-invasive technologies in treatment of acute cholecystitis in patients with high operational and anesthetic risk].

The treatment results of 769 patients with acute calculous cholecystitis and high operational and anesthetic risk at admission are presented in the retrospective study. High risk was determined by expressed comorbidities, diseases' terms, the complications of acute cholecystitis, age, which was more than 60 years in most cases. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the severity of comorbidity and the possible effects of its correction.

[Assessment of pain relief in patients receiving different variants of multimodal analgesia after major gynecological surgery].

The major gynecology surgery generally results in severe postoperative pain. Currently multimodal analgesia concept is widely used for the aim of postoperative pain relief optimization. According to this theory it is worth using the medication with different mechanism in order to increase analgesia qualify, decrease analgesic consumption and avoid adverse reaction.

[Coagulation profiles during cardiac surgery].

Objective: To evaluate patients' hemostasis after cardiac surgery using thromboelastometric and impedance aggregometry.

Materials And Methods: 66 patients were examined intraoperatively. Comparison group included 45 blood donors.

[Effect of intraoperative infusion-transfusion therapy on mortality of patients with massive blood loss].

The aim of the research is to determine the influence of infusion-transfusion therapy of the volume and structure on intraoperation and hospital lethality in patients with injuries and diseases, complicated in blood loss, exceeding circulating blood volume (CBV). It was conducted a retrospective analysis of the anaesthesia flow, infusion-transfusion therapy and treatment results in 112 patients with injuries and diseases complicated in intra-abdominal bleeding, volume of more than 4 liters. It was found that the risk of death increases in low-volume infusion therapy (less than 1.

[The intraoperative auto- and allohemotransfusion by massive bleeding in emergency abdominal surgery].

The results of intraoperative hemotransfusion of 112 patients with abdominal injuries, complicated with bleeding and the loss of more then 70% of the circulating blood. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of auto- and allohemotransfusion. The first method allowed to decrease both the overall lethality (p=0.

[Xenon for postoperative analgesia: why not?].

Xenon is widely used for maintenance of anesthesia, however the analgesic effect of this noble gas brings to an idea of its use in analgesic schemes. The first time antinociceptive features of Xe were described by B. Lachman and colleagues in 1988.

[Optimization of preoperative preparation of patients with acute intestinal obstruction].

Water and electrolyte imbalance is considered to be the mainstay of preoperative treatment of patients with acute intestinal obstruction. The correct preoperative preparation defines the anaesthesia course, which requires the team work of surgeon and aneasthesiologist. The benefits of such an approach is confirmed by the retrospective analysis of 84 case histories, operated on the reason of the acute intestinal obstruction.

[Compensation for circulating blood volume in fatal blood loss].

Despite the extended potentials of modern medicine, noncompensated blood loss remains one of the leading causes of death in the able-bodied population all over the world. At present, there is no uniform policy of transfusion maintenance and intensive care in victims with severe decompensated blood loss. The purpose of the study was to assess the results of compensation for acute blood loss in victims with concomitant injury and wounds at various sites, which were attended by the loss of a circulating blood volume (CBV) with the use of new technologies.