Complications following artificial urinary sphincter placement after radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy: a meta-analysis.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) placement after radical prostatectomy (RP) and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT).

Patients And Methods: There were 1 886 patients available for analysis of surgical revision outcomes and 949 for persistent urinary incontinence (UI) outcomes from 15 and 11 studies, respectively. The mean age (sd) was 66.

Longitudinal changes in IGF-I and IGFBP-3, and mammographic density among postmenopausal women.

A relation between the breast cancer risk factors, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and mammographic density, is biologically plausible, but results from cross-sectional epidemiologic studies have been mixed. Our objective was to examine the relation in a longitudinal manner, that is, between the change in circulating IGF-I concentrations and the change in mammographic measures over one year. Data from an exercise intervention trial conducted in 302 postmenopausal women ages 50 to 74 years were used.

Association between sex hormones, glucose homeostasis, adipokines, and inflammatory markers and mammographic density among postmenopausal women.

The biological mechanisms underlying the relationship between mammographic density and breast cancer risk are unknown. Our objective was to examine the association between mammographic density and circulating factors that are putative breast cancer intermediate endpoints. Biologic data from a year-long aerobic exercise intervention trial conducted in 302 postmenopausal women aged 50-74 years were analyzed.

Analysis of the surgical learning curve using the cumulative sum (CUSUM) method.

Aims: The concept of the "learning curve" is a term that has become increasingly prevalent in medical literature. Using a unique Female Urology fellowship program running over the last 3 years, we set out to better define the learning process for mid-urethral slings.

Methods: We examined surgical outcomes for six urology trainees who participated in the 6-month program from 2006 to 2011.

Androgens, health and sexuality in women and men.

The importance of good sexual function for individuals, patients and their general health and well-being is well recognised. Testosterone is contributory to a healthy sexual life for both women and men. The British Society for Sexual Medicine (BSSM) has initiated and led the development of guidelines for the assessment and use of testosterone deficiency in both women and men for use within the UK and beyond.

Androgens, health and sexuality in women and men.

The importance of good sexual function for individuals is well recognised. Testosterone is contributory to a healthy sex life for both women and men. The British Society for Sexual Medicine (BSSM) has initiated and led the development of these guidelines for the assessment of testosterone deficiency in both women and men, for use within the UK and beyond.

Associations of overall and abdominal adiposity with area and volumetric mammographic measures among postmenopausal women.

Whereas mammographic density and adiposity are positively associated with postmenopausal breast cancer risk, they are inversely associated with one another. To examine the association between these two risk factors, a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial of a year-long aerobic exercise intervention was done. Participants were 302 postmenopausal women aged 50-74 years.

Associations between mammographic density and serum and dietary cholesterol.

Although high mammographic density is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer, its etiology remains unclear. We examined whether serum and dietary cholesterol, which increase breast cancer risk and are involved in endogenous estrogen formation, were associated with increased mammographic density. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 302 healthy, sedentary postmenopausal women, aged 50-74 years, enrolled in the Alberta Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Prevention Trial between 2003 and 2006.

Mammographic density change with 1 year of aerobic exercise among postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The Alberta Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Prevention (ALPHA) Trial examined the influence of aerobic exercise on biological factors that are associated with breast cancer risk. Mammographic density, a secondary outcome, is reported here.

Methods: The ALPHA Trial was a parallel group randomized controlled trial conducted between May 2003 and July 2007.

Alberta physical activity and breast cancer prevention trial: sex hormone changes in a year-long exercise intervention among postmenopausal women.

Purpose: We examined how an aerobic exercise intervention influenced circulating estradiol, estrone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), androstenedione, and testosterone levels, which may be involved in the association between physical activity and breast cancer risk.

Methods: A two-center, two-arm randomized controlled trial of exercise was conducted in 320 postmenopausal, sedentary women age 50 to 74 years. Participants were randomly assigned to a 1-year aerobic exercise intervention of 225 min/wk (n = 160) or to a control group who maintained their usual level of activity (n = 160).

Simple method of retrieving retained rear tip extender during explantation of penile prosthesis.

A retained rear tip extender remains a challenge in penile prosthetic explantation. Removal failure can compromise the success of the new implant. We report a novel method of removing a retained rear tip extender using a Brook's dilator.

Current management of male-to-female gender identity disorder in the UK.

Gender identity disorder (GID), or transsexualism as it is more commonly known, is a highly complex clinical entity. Although the exact aetiology of GID is unknown, several environmental, genetic and anatomical theories have been described. The diagnosis of GID can be a difficult process but is established currently using standards of care as defined by the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association.

Feminizing genitoplasty in adult transsexuals: early and long-term surgical results.

Objective: To examine the early and late surgical outcomes of feminizing genitoplasty (FG) in adult transsexuals in a UK single surgeon practice over a 10-year period.

Patients And Methods: Computerized and manual databases were searched over the period 1994-2004 to identify patients who had undergone male to female FG. Case-notes were retrieved and analysed to identify epidemiological data, the number and type of perioperative problems, early results at outpatient review, late occurring problems and patient satisfaction.

Development of feminizing genitoplasty for gender dysphoria.

Introduction: Determining the history and development of feminizing genitoplasty is fascinating and instructive but fraught with difficulty. Earliest examples relate to practices carried out in ancient cultures. Gender reassignment surgery (GRS) developed from reconstructive procedures for congenital abnormalities.

alpha-Adrenoceptor subtypes in isolated corporal tissue from patients undergoing gender re-assignment.

Objective: To investigate the pharmacology and functionality of alpha(1)-adrenoceptors in human corpus cavernosum, and to determine the predominant subtype.

Materials And Methods: Cavernosal tissue specimens were obtained from the penises of 22 men (mean age 37.4 years) removed during gender re-assignment surgery.