Conjugative Transfer of IncP-9 Catabolic Plasmids Requires a Previously Uncharacterized Gene, , Whose Homologs Are Conserved in Various MPF-Type Plasmids.

Conjugative transfer of bacterial plasmids to recipient cells is often mediated by type IV secretion machinery. Experimental investigations into the minimal gene sets required for efficient conjugative transfer suggest that such gene sets are variable, depending on plasmids. We have been analyzing the conjugative transfer of -derived and IncP-9 plasmids, NAH7 and pWW0, whose conjugation systems belong to the MPF type.

Surface Chemistry and Humidity in Powder Electrostatics: A Comparative Study between Tribocharging and Corona Discharge.

In the present study, the correlation between surface chemical groups and the electrostatic properties of particulate materials was studied. Glass beads were modified to produce OH-, NH-, CN-, and F-functionalized materials. The materials were charged separately both by friction and by conventional corona charging, and the results were compared.