DNA Methylation Classes of Stage II and III Primary Melanomas and Their Clinical and Prognostic Significance.

Purpose: Patients with stage II and III cutaneous primary melanoma vary considerably in their risk of melanoma-related death. We explore the ability of methylation profiling to distinguish primary melanoma methylation classes and their associations with clinicopathologic characteristics and survival.

Materials And Methods: InterMEL is a retrospective case-control study that assembled primary cutaneous melanomas from American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition stage II and III patients diagnosed between 1998 and 2015 in the United States and Australia.

iPSC-cardiomyocytes in the preclinical prediction of candidate pharmaceutical toxicity.

Many challenges remain in the preclinical evaluation, adjudication, and prioritization of novel compounds in therapeutic discovery pipelines. These obstacles are evident by the large number of candidate or lead compounds failing to reach clinical trials, significantly due to a lack of efficacy in the disease paradigm of interest and/or the presence of innate chemical toxicity. The consequential compound attrition in discovery pipelines results in added monetary and time costs, potential danger to patients, and a slowed discovery of true therapeutics.

Serum HCoV-spike specific antibodies do not protect against subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents.

SARS-CoV-2 infections in children are generally asymptomatic or mild and rarely progress to severe disease and hospitalization. Why this is so remains unclear. Here we explore the potential for protection due to pre-existing cross-reactive seasonal coronavirus antibodies and compare the rate of antibody decline for nucleocapsid and spike protein in serum and oral fluid against SARS-CoV-2 within the pediatric population.

Incidence and profile of skin cancers in patients following ultraviolet phototherapy without psoralens: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Psoralen + ultraviolet-A (PUVA) is associated with photocarcinogenesis. However, carcinogenic risk with other ultraviolet phototherapies remains unclear.

Objective: Evaluate whether phototherapy without psoralens increases skin cancer risk.

Ethical, legal and social aspects of human cerebral organoids and their governance in Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States.

Human cerebral organoids (HCOs) are model systems that enable researchers to investigate the human brain in ways that had previously been impossible. The emergence of HCOs was accompanied by both expert and layperson discussions concerning the possibility of these novel entities developing sentience or consciousness. Such concerns are reflected in deliberations about how to handle and regulate their use.

Micro-relief characterization of benign and malignant skin lesions by polarization speckle analysis in vivo.

Background/purpose: A recent direction in skin disease classification is to develop quantitative diagnostic techniques. Skin relief, colloquially known as roughness, is an important clinical feature. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a novel polarization speckle technique to quantitatively measure roughness on skin lesions in vivo.

Full Stokes polarimetry using a monolithic off-axis polarizing interferometer and a 2D array sensor.

This paper describes a full Stokes polarimeter employing a monolithic off-axis polarizing interferometric module and a 2D array sensor. The proposed passive polarimeter provides a dynamic full Stokes vector measurement capability of around 30 Hz. As the proposed polarimeter employs no active devices and is operated by employing an imaging sensor, it has significant potential to become a highly compact polarization sensor for smartphone applications.

Using digital phenotyping to understand health-related outcomes: A scoping review.

Background: Digital phenotyping may detect changes in health outcomes and potentially lead to proactive measures to mitigate health declines and avoid major medical events. While health-related outcomes have traditionally been acquired through self-report measures, those approaches have numerous limitations, such as recall bias, and social desirability bias. Digital phenotyping may offer a potential solution to these limitations.

InterMEL: An international biorepository and clinical database to uncover predictors of survival in early-stage melanoma.

Introduction: We are conducting a multicenter study to identify classifiers predictive of disease-specific survival in patients with primary melanomas. Here we delineate the unique aspects, challenges, and best practices for optimizing a study of generally small-sized pigmented tumor samples including primary melanomas of at least 1.05mm from AJTCC TNM stage IIA-IIID patients.

Suvorexant, a Novel Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist, for the Management of Insomnia.

Purpose Of Review: The present investigation is a comprehensive review regarding the use of Suvorexant for insomnia treatment. It covers the background, pathophysiology, and significance of addressing insomnia, the pharmaceutical details of Suvorexant, and its safety, efficacy, and implications in treating insomnia. We further discuss Suvorexant's role in targeting insomnia with other comorbidities.

EFFECT OF ELEXACAFTOR/TEZACAFTOR/IVACAFTOR ON ANNUAL RATE OF LUNG FUNCTION DECLINE IN PEOPLE WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS.

Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA) was shown to be safe and efficacious in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) with ≥ 1 F508del-CFTR allele in Phase 3 clinical trials. ELX/TEZ/IVA treatment led to improved lung function, with increases in percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (ppFEV) and Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised respiratory domain score. Here, we evaluated the impact of ELX/TEZ/IVA on the rate of lung function decline over time by comparing changes in ppFEV in participants from the Phase 3 trials with a matched group of people with CF from the US Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry not eligible for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy.

SSD-KD: A self-supervised diverse knowledge distillation method for lightweight skin lesion classification using dermoscopic images.

Skin cancer is one of the most common types of malignancy, affecting a large population and causing a heavy economic burden worldwide. Over the last few years, computer-aided diagnosis has been rapidly developed and make great progress in healthcare and medical practices due to the advances in artificial intelligence, particularly with the adoption of convolutional neural networks. However, most studies in skin cancer detection keep pursuing high prediction accuracies without considering the limitation of computing resources on portable devices.

Landscape of mutations in early stage primary cutaneous melanoma: An InterMEL study.

It is unclear why some melanomas aggressively metastasize while others remain indolent. Available studies employing multi-omic profiling of melanomas are based on large primary or metastatic tumors. We examine the genomic landscape of early-stage melanomas diagnosed prior to the modern era of immunological treatments.

Polarization memory rate as a metric to differentiate benign and malignant tissues.

Non-invasive optical methods for cancer diagnostics, such as microscopy, spectroscopy, and polarimetry, are rapidly advancing. In this respect, finding new and powerful optical metrics is an indispensable task. Here we introduce polarization memory rate () as a sensitive metric for optical cancer diagnostics.

Delivery planning for congenital lung malformations: A CVR based perinatal care algorithm.

Purpose: Congenital lung malformation (CLM) volume ratio (CVR) of ≥1.1 has been shown to be highly predictive of the need for urgent, perinatal surgical intervention. The purpose of this study was to utilize this information to propose a delivery planning and clinical management algorithm based on this threshold.

Correlation of continence with long-term patient centered outcomes in children with sacrococcygeal teratoma.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship of social continence with patient centered outcomes, such as quality of life, in children with sarococcygeal teratoma (SCT). We hypothesize there is a correlation between social continence and patient-centered outcomes.

Methods: A chart review and three surveys (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™), Baylor Continence Scale (BCS), and Impact on Family (IOF)) were performed for SCT patients who underwent resection at our institution from 2013 to 2018.

Defining Risk and Risk Factors for Unplanned ICU Admission of Trauma Patients.

Background: Unplanned ICU admissions (up-ICUad) are associated with poor outcomes. It is difficult to identify who is at risk for up-ICUad in trauma patients. This study aimed to identify injury patterns and comorbidities associated with up-ICUad and develop a predictive tool for who is at risk.