Freshwater Mussel Viromes Increase Rapidly in Diversity and Abundance When Hosts Are Released from Captivity into the Wild.

Freshwater mussels (order: Unionida) are highly imperiled globally and are increasingly the focus of captive propagation efforts to protect and restore wild populations. The Upper Tennessee River Basin (UTRB) in Virginia is a freshwater biodiversity hotspot hosting at least 45 of North America's ~300 species of freshwater mussels, including 21 threatened and endangered species listed under the U.S.

Correlates of viral suppression among sexual minority men and transgender women living with HIV in Mpumalanga, South Africa.

Sexual minority men (SMM) and transgender women in South Africa engage in HIV care at lower rates than other persons living with HIV and may experience population-specific barriers to HIV treatment and viral suppression (VS). As part of a pilot trial of an SMM-tailored peer navigation (PN) intervention in Ehlanzeni district, South Africa, we assessed factors associated with ART use and VS among SMM at trial enrolment. A total of 103 HIV-positive SMM and transgender women enrolled in the pilot trial.

Freshwater mussels prefer a diet of stramenopiles and fungi over bacteria.

Freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Unionidae) play a crucial role in freshwater river environments where they live in multi-species aggregations and often serve as long-lived benthic ecosystem engineers. Many of these species are imperiled and it is imperative that we understand their basic needs to aid in the reestablishment and maintenance of mussel beds in rivers. In an effort to expand our knowledge of the diet of these organisms, five species of mussel were introduced into enclosed systems in two experiments.

Single tertiary cancer center experience on the management of pT3b prostate cancer after robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy.

Background: Pathological involvement of the seminal vesicle poses a treatment dilemma following robotic prostatectomy. Margin status plays an important role in deciding further management. A wide range of treatment options are available, including active monitoring, adjuvant radiotherapy, salvage radiotherapy, and occasionally androgen deprivation therapy.

Radical Cystectomy in England from 2013 to 2019 on 12,644 patients: An analysis of national trends and comparison of surgical approaches using Hospital Episode Statistics data.

Introduction: We evaluate the data of 12,644 Radical Cystectomies in England (Open, Robotic and Laparoscopic) with trends in the adaption of techniques and post-operative complications.

Methods: This analysis utilised national Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) from NHS England.

Results: There was a statistically significant increase ( < .

Neurovascular structure-adjacent frozen-section examination robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy: outcomes from 500 consecutive cases in the UK.

The purpose is to report the United Kingdom's largest single-centre experience of robotically assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomies (RALP), using the neurovascular structure-adjacent frozen-section (NeuroSAFE) technique. We describe the utilisation and outcomes of this technique. This is a retrospective study from 2012 to 2019 on 520 patients undergoing NeuroSAFE RALP at our Institution.

Long-term monitoring of two endangered freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) reveals how demographic vital rates are influenced by species life history traits.

To meet monitoring and recovery planning needs, demographic vital rates of two endangered freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae)-the Cumberlandian Combshell (Epioblasma brevidens, Lea 1831) and Oyster Mussel (Epioblasma capsaeformis, Lea 1834), species endemic to the Tennessee and Cumberland river basins, U.S.A-were estimated and compared using census methodologies.

Estimating the contribution of key populations towards HIV transmission in South Africa.

Introduction: In generalized epidemic settings, there is insufficient understanding of how the unmet HIV prevention and treatment needs of key populations (KPs), such as female sex workers (FSWs) and men who have sex with men (MSM), contribute to HIV transmission. In such settings, it is typically assumed that HIV transmission is driven by the general population. We estimated the contribution of commercial sex, sex between men, and other heterosexual partnerships to HIV transmission in South Africa (SA).

The role of extended venous thromboembolism prophylaxis for major urological cancer operations.

Objectives: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), consisting of both pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thromboses (DVT), remains a well-recognised complication of major urological cancer surgery. Several international guidelines recommend extended thromboprophylaxis (ETP) with LMWH, whereby the period of delivery is extended to the post-discharge period, where the majority of VTE occurs. In this literature review we investigate whether ETP should be indicated for all patients undergoing major urological cancer surgery, as well procedure specific data that may influence a clinician's decision.

'My Tablets are on Top of the Fridge': The Roles of Relationship Desire and Medical Mistrust in ART Adherence for HIV-Positive MSM and Transgender Women Living in Rural South Africa.

Given the high HIV prevalence for men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women in South Africa, there is limited understanding of social determinants that influence antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence. Although universal testing and treatment (UTT) is available, ART adherence remains suboptimal. We conducted focus groups with MSM and transgender women in order to understand factors influencing their ART adherence in Mpumalanga, South Africa.

Robot-assisted vs open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in adults.

Background: It has been suggested that, in comparison with open radical cystectomy (ORC), robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) results in less blood loss, shorter convalescence and fewer complications, with equivalent short-term oncological and functional outcomes; however, uncertainty remains as to the magnitude of these benefits.

Objectives: To assess the effects of RARC vs ORC in adults with bladder cancer.

Search Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search, with no restrictions on language of publication or publication status, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared RARC with ORC.

Robotic versus open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in adults.

Background: It has been suggested that in comparison with open radical cystectomy, robotic-assisted radical cystectomy results in less blood loss, shorter convalescence, and fewer complications with equivalent short-term oncological and functional outcomes; however, uncertainty remains as to the magnitude of these benefits.

Objectives: To assess the effects of robotic-assisted radical cystectomy versus open radical cystectomy in adults with bladder cancer.

Search Methods: Review authors conducted a comprehensive search with no restrictions on language of publication or publication status for studies comparing open radical cystectomy and robotic-assisted radical cystectomy.

Detection rates of recurrent prostate cancer: Gallium (Ga)-labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen choline PET/CT scans. A systematic review.

Background: The aim of this work was to assess the use of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-labelled radiotracers in detecting the recurrence of prostate cancer. PSMA is thought to have higher detection rates when utilized in positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scans, particularly at lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, compared with choline-based scans.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted comparing choline and PSMA PET/CT scans in patients with recurrent prostate cancer following an initial curative attempt.

Ability to use oral fluid and fingerstick HIV self-testing (HIVST) among South African MSM.

Background: HIV self-testing (HIVST) may increase HIV testing uptake, facilitating earlier treatment for key populations like MSM who experience barriers accessing clinic-based HIV testing. HIVST usability among African MSM has not been explored.

Methods: We assessed usability of oral fluid (OF) and fingerstick (FS; blood) HIVST kits during three phases among MSM with differing degrees of HIVST familiarity in Mpumalanga, South Africa.

Single-centre Experience of Use of Radium 223 with Clinical Outcomes Based on Number of Cycles and Bone Marrow Toxicity.

Background: Bone is the most common site of metastatic disease in advanced prostate cancer. Radium-223 (Ra) is a calcium-mimetic alpha-particle emitter, which has been shown to have activity in prostate cancer with clinical benefit in patients with symptomatic bone metastasis. The recommended schedule is six cycles of Ra, 5 kBq/kg, at 4-weekly intervals.

Estimating the Population Size of Female Sex Workers in Three South African Cities: Results and Recommendations From the 2013-2014 South Africa Health Monitoring Survey and Stakeholder Consensus.

Background: Robust population size estimates of female sex workers and other key populations in South Africa face multiple methodological limitations, including inconsistencies in surveillance and programmatic indicators. This has, consequently, challenged the appropriate allocation of resources and benchmark-setting necessary to an effective HIV response. A 2013-2014 integrated biological and behavioral surveillance (IBBS) survey from South Africa showed alarmingly high HIV prevalence among female sex workers in South Africa's three largest cities of Johannesburg (71.