Helicobacter pylori and H2O2 increase AP endonuclease-1/redox factor-1 expression in human gastric epithelial cells.

Background & Aims: Helicobacter pylori infection causes inflammation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and oxidative DNA damage in the gastric mucosa. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1 (APE-1)/redox factor-1 (Ref-1) repairs damaged DNA and reductively activates transcription factors, including activator protein-1. Considering that H.