A worldwide study of subcortical shape as a marker for clinical staging in Parkinson's disease.

Alterations in subcortical brain regions are linked to motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, associations between clinical expression and regional morphological abnormalities of the basal ganglia, thalamus, amygdala and hippocampus are not well established. We analyzed 3D T1-weighted brain MRI and clinical data from 2525 individuals with PD and 1326 controls from 22 global sources in the ENIGMA-PD consortium.

Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Depression and Anxiety in Parkinson's Disease.

Non-pharmacological interventions, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), light therapy (LT), and physical rehabilitation/exercise, have shown promise as effective approaches to treat symptoms of depression and anxiety in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). In this narrative literature overview, we discuss the state-of-the-art regarding these treatment options and address future perspectives for clinical practice and research. Non-pharmacological interventions hold promise to treat depression and anxiety in PD.

Long-term effects of cognitive training in Parkinson's disease: A randomized, controlled trial.

Background: Computerized cognitive training may be promising to improve cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease and has even been suggested to delay cognitive decline. However, evidence to date is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the durability of eight-week cognitive training effects at up to two years follow-up.

Cerebellar Volume and Disease Staging in Parkinson's Disease: An ENIGMA-PD Study.

Background: Increasing evidence points to a pathophysiological role for the cerebellum in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, regional cerebellar changes associated with motor and non-motor functioning remain to be elucidated.

Objective: To quantify cross-sectional regional cerebellar lobule volumes using three dimensional T1-weighted anatomical brain magnetic resonance imaging from the global ENIGMA-PD working group.

Effect of eight-week online cognitive training in Parkinson's disease: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.

Introduction: Cognitive training (CT) has been proposed as a treatment option for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to assess the efficacy of adaptive, computerized CT on cognitive function in PD.

Methods: In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial we enrolled PD patients that experienced substantial subjective cognitive complaints.

Eight-week multi-domain cognitive training does not impact large-scale resting-state brain networks in Parkinson's disease.

There is meta-analytic evidence for the efficacy of cognitive training (CT) in Parkinson's disease (PD). We performed a randomized controlled trial where we found small positive effects of CT on executive function and processing speed in individuals with PD (n = 140). In this study, we assessed the effects of CT on brain network connectivity and topology in a subsample of the full study population (n = 86).

Cognitive Training in Parkinson's Disease Induces Local, Not Global, Changes in White Matter Microstructure.

Previous studies showed that cognitive training can improve cognitive performance in various neurodegenerative diseases but little is known about the effects of cognitive training on the brain. Here, we investigated the effects of our cognitive training paradigm, COGTIPS, on regional white matter microstructure and structural network topology. We previously showed that COGTIPS has small, positive effects on processing speed.

The Effects of Cognitive Training on Brain Network Activity and Connectivity in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases: a Systematic Review.

Cognitive training (CT) is an increasingly popular, non-pharmacological intervention for improving cognitive functioning in neurodegenerative diseases and healthy aging. Although meta-analyses support the efficacy of CT in improving cognitive functioning, the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of CT are still unclear. We performed a systematic review of literature in the PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases on controlled CT trials (N > 20) in aging and neurodegenerative diseases with pre- and post-training functional MRI outcomes up to November 23rd 2018 (PROSPERO registration number CRD42019103662).

Processing speed is related to striatal dopamine transporter availability in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) affects the integrity of the dopamine and serotonin system, and is characterized by a plethora of different symptoms, including cognitive impairments of which the pathophysiology is not yet fully elucidated.

Objectives: Investigate the role of the integrity of the dopaminergic and serotonergic system in cognitive functioning in early-stage PD using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) combined with the radiotracer I-N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane (I-FP-CIT).

Methods: We studied the association between cognitive functions and dopamine transporter (DAT) availability in the caudate nucleus and putamen - as a proxy for striatal dopaminergic integrity - and serotonin transporter (SERT) availability as a proxy for serotonergic integrity in the thalamus and hippocampus using bootstrapped multiple regression.

COGTIPS: a double-blind randomized active controlled trial protocol to study the effect of home-based, online cognitive training on cognition and brain networks in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Cognitive dysfunction is highly prevalent in Parkinson's disease (PD) and a large proportion of patients eventually develops PD-related dementia. Currently, no effective treatment is available. Cognitive training is effective in relieving cognitive dysfunctions in several -neurodegenerative- diseases, and earlier small-scale trials have shown positive results for PD.

Profiling cognitive and neuropsychiatric heterogeneity in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a highly heterogeneous disease, in which motor symptom subtypes are often-described. While it is recognized that motor, cognitive and affective neuropsychiatric symptoms negatively influence the patients' quality of life, it is currently unknown how these symptoms contribute to phenotypic subtypes. The objective of this study was to assess subtypes of motor, cognitive and affective symptoms in PD.