Initial Weight Change and Long-Term Changes in Weight and Compensation during Supervised Exercise Training.

Introduction: Our primary aim was to investigate the association between initial weight change and longer-term changes in weight and compensation (predicted weight loss-observed weight loss) during exercise. As secondary aims, we investigated if initial weight change was related to change in cardiometabolic risk markers and energy balance modulators.

Methods: Two 6-month randomized controlled exercise trials conducted in individuals with overweight or obesity were analyzed (study 1, n = 312; study 2, n = 102).

What Should I Eat and Why? The Environmental, Genetic, and Behavioral Determinants of Food Choice: Summary from a Pennington Scientific Symposium.

This review details the proceedings of a Pennington Biomedical scientific symposium titled, "What Should I Eat and Why? The Environmental, Genetic, and Behavioral Determinants of Food Choice." The symposium was designed to review the literature about energy homeostasis, particularly related to food choice and feeding behaviors, from psychology to physiology. This review discusses the intrinsic determinants of food choice, including biological mechanisms (genetics), peripheral and central signals, brain correlates, and the potential role of the microbiome.

Lacosamide in patients with Nav1.7 mutations-related small fibre neuropathy: a randomized controlled trial.

Symptomatic treatment of neuropathic pain in small fibre neuropathy is often disappointing. The finding of voltage-gated sodium channel mutations in small fibre neuropathy (with mutations in SCN9A, encoding for Nav1.7) being most frequently reported suggest a specific target for therapy.

Dynapenia and Metabolic Health in Obese and Nonobese Adults Aged 70 Years and Older: The LIFE Study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between dynapenia and metabolic risk factors in obese and nonobese older adults.

Methods: A total of 1453 men and women (age ≥70 years) from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study were categorized as (1) nondynapenic/nonobese (NDYN-NO), (2) dynapenic/nonobese (DYN-NO), (3) nondynapenic/obese (NDYN-O), or (4) dynapenic/obese (DYN-O), based on muscle strength (Foundation for the National Institute of Health criteria) and body mass index. Dependent variables were blood lipids, fasting glucose, blood pressure, presence of at least 3 metabolic syndrome (MetS) criteria, and other chronic conditions.

Effect of Statin Use on Mobility Disability and its Prevention in At-risk Older Adults: The LIFE Study.

Background: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are among the most commonly prescribed classes of medications. Although their cardiovascular benefits and myalgia risks are well documented, their effects on older adults initiating an exercise training program are less understood.

Methods: 1,635 sedentary men and women aged 70-89 years with Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score of 9 or below and were able to walk 400 m were randomized to a structured, moderate-intensity physical activity (PA) program consisting of both center-based (twice/wk) and home-based (3-4 times/wk) aerobic, resistance, and flexibility training or to a health education (HE) program combined with upper extremity stretching.

Why patients seek bariatric surgery: does insurance coverage matter?

Despite increasing prevalence of bariatric surgery, little is known about why patients seek out this treatment option. Heads Up is an observational study sponsored by a large benefits management group that examines surgical and nonsurgical approaches to weight management in obese adults. This study examined patients' reasons for choosing surgery.

The MAT-sf: clinical relevance and validity.

Background: The measurement of mobility is essential to both aging research and clinical practice. A newly developed self-report measure of mobility, the mobility assessment tool-short form (MAT-sf), uses video animations to improve measurement accuracy/precision. Using a large baseline data set, we recalibrated the items, evaluated the extent to which older patients' self-efficacy (i.

The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study: design and methods.

Background: As the number of older adults in the United States rises, maintaining functional independence among older Americans has emerged as a major clinical and public health priority. Older people who lose mobility are less likely to remain in the community; demonstrate higher rates of morbidity, mortality, and hospitalizations; and experience a poorer quality of life. Several studies have shown that regular physical activity improves functional limitations and intermediate functional outcomes, but definitive evidence showing that major mobility disability can be prevented is lacking.

Exercise in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes.

The risk of developing both metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is inversely associated with regular exercise training (ET). Excess weight is also strongly associated with increased risk of both metabolic syndrome and T2DM. There is strong evidence that even a moderate amount of weight loss achieved through changes in diet and ET can greatly reduce the risk of developing T2DM.

Interruption of physical activity because of illness in the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Pilot trial.

Objectives: To examine baseline characteristics and change in gait speed and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scores in participants medically suspended (MS) from a physical activity intervention (PA).

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Setting: University and community centers.