Cashew Allergy Prevalence and Sensitization in 1-Year-Old Infants.

Background: Cashew allergy is the most common tree nut allergy in Australia, but there are limited data on the population-level prevalence and risk factors.

Objective: Describe the prevalence of cashew sensitization and allergy in 12-month-old infants and identify risk factors.

Methods: Data were from the EarlyNuts cohort, a population-based sample of infants recruited in Melbourne, Australia.

Out-of-hospital health care costs of childhood food allergy in Australia: A population-based longitudinal study.

Background: Australia has one of the highest prevalence of childhood food allergy in the world, but there are no data on its economic burden in Australia.

Methods: We used data from the HealthNuts study, a population-based longitudinal study undertaken in Melbourne, Australia. Infants were recruited at age 12 months between Sept 2007 and Aug 2011 with food allergy diagnosed using oral food challenges.

Ana o 3 sIgE and diagnostic algorithms reduce cost of cashew allergy diagnosis in children compared with skin prick test: A cost comparison analysis.

Background: In the absence of a clear clinical history of reaction, diagnosis of cashew allergy using skin prick tests (SPT) or cashew-specific IgE requires a high number of oral food challenges (OFC). By using Ana o 3 sIgE alone, or a two-step diagnostic algorithm using cashew sIgE followed by Ana o 3 sIgE, there is a reduced need for OFC. We aimed to perform a cost comparison for both of these approaches compared with cashew SPT alone.

Ana o 3 sIgE testing increases the accuracy of cashew allergy diagnosis using a two-step model.

Background: Measurement of cashew-specific IgE (sIgE) is often used to confirm sensitization but does not reliably diagnose clinical allergy. Ana o 3 is the dominant cashew allergen detected in 75-100% of patients with cashew allergy but not currently used in clinical practice.

Objectives: To determine if component-resolved diagnostics using specific IgE to the 2 S albumin from cashew, Ana o 3, improves the accuracy of diagnosing cashew allergy, thereby circumventing the need for an oral food challenge (OFC) in some patients.

Reduced-Intensity/Reduced-Toxicity Conditioning Approaches Are Tolerated in XIAP Deficiency but Patients Fare Poorly with Acute GVHD.

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) deficiency is an inherited primary immunodeficiency characterized by chronic inflammasome overactivity and associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) with fully myeloablative conditioning may be curative but has been associated with poor outcomes. Reports of reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) and reduced-toxicity conditioning (RTC) regimens suggest these approaches are well tolerated, but outcomes are not well established.

The Accuracy of Diagnostic Testing in Determining Tree Nut Allergy: A Systematic Review.

Background: Food allergy is most accurately diagnosed by a formal oral food challenge (OFC); however, it is time and labor intensive, risks the individual to severe reaction, and access is often a limiting step in the diagnostic process. This is compounded for tree nut allergy diagnosis as several OFCs may be required to determine allergy status to each individual tree nut. Accurate diagnosis using minimally invasive diagnostic tests in predicting clinical tree nut allergy is important to correctly identify those with potentially life-threatening reactions and to efficiently and safely tailor nut avoidance to only those nuts deemed allergic to enable less restricted diets and increased food choices for food allergic individuals.

Use of TCR αβ/CD19-Depleted Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Is a Viable Option in Patients With Primary Immune Deficiency Without Matched Sibling Donor.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is curative for many patients with primary immune deficiency (PID). Haploidentical donors have historically been associated with higher rates of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and graft failure. Use of T cell receptor (TCR) αβ/CD19-depleted grafts has resulted in improved haploidentical HSCT outcomes.

Head computed tomography guidelines are being followed.

Objective: Several guidelines have been developed to direct the ordering of head computed tomography (CT) for patients, but most are clinical presentation-specific. Recently, an integrated guideline for ordering emergent head CT for patients who present to the ED of Western Hospital, Footscray, Victoria, Australia, was developed in response to concerns raised regarding perceived over-utilization of head CT for ED patients. Our aim was to determine compliance with the guideline.