Halide and Sulfide Electrolytes in Cathode Composites for Sodium All-Solid-State Batteries and their Stability.

Sodium all-solid-state batteries may become a novel storage technology overcoming the safety and energy density issues of (liquid-based) sodium ion batteries at low cost and good resource availability. However, compared to liquid electrolyte cells, contact issues and capacity losses due to interface reactions leading to high cell resistance are still a problem in solid-state batteries. In particular, sulfide-based electrolytes, which show very high ionic conductivity and good malleability, exhibit degradation reactions at the interface with electrode materials and carbon additives.

Protective NaSICON Interlayer between a Sodium-Tin Alloy Anode and Sulfide-Based Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries.

This paper presents a suitable combination of different sodium solid electrolytes to surpass the challenge of highly reactive cell components in sodium batteries. The focus is laid on the introduction of ceramic NaZrSiPO serving as a protective layer for sulfide-based separator electrolytes to avoid the high reactivity with the sodium metal anode. The chemical instability of the anode|sulfide solid electrolyte interface is demonstrated by impedance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.

On the Discrepancy between Local and Average Structure in the Fast Na Ionic Conductor NaSbWS.

Aliovalent substitution is a common strategy to improve the ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes for solid-state batteries. The substitution of SbS by WS in NaSbWS leads to a very high ionic conductivity of 41 mS cm at room temperature. While pristine NaSbS crystallizes in a tetragonal structure, the substituted NaSbWS crystallizes in a cubic phase at room temperature based on its X-ray diffractogram.

Anharmonic Lattice Dynamics in Sodium Ion Conductors.

We employ terahertz-range temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy and first-principles lattice dynamical calculations to show that the undoped sodium ion conductors NaPS and isostructural NaPSe both exhibit anharmonic lattice dynamics. The anharmonic effects in the compounds involve coupled host lattice-Na ion dynamics that drive the tetragonal-to-cubic phase transition in both cases, but with a qualitative difference in the anharmonic character of the transition. NaPSe shows an almost purely displacive character with the soft modes disappearing in the cubic phase as the change in symmetry shifts these modes to the Raman-inactive Brillouin zone boundary.

RNA Characterization in Trichoderma reesei.

This chapter provides an overview on different methods for the characterization of RNAs in Trichoderma reesei. In the first section, protocols for the extraction of total RNA from fungal mycelia and the identification of 5' and 3' ends of certain RNAs of interest via rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) are presented. In the next section, this knowledge on the transcriptional start and end points is used for in vitro synthesis and fluorescence labeling of the RNA of interest.

Regulatory systems for gene expression control in cyanobacteria.

As photosynthetic microbes, cyanobacteria are attractive hosts for the production of high-value molecules from CO and light. Strategies for genetic engineering and tightly controlled gene expression are essential for the biotechnological application of these organisms. Numerous heterologous or native promoter systems were used for constitutive and inducible expression, yet many of them suffer either from leakiness or from a low expression output.

Regulation of gene expression by the action of a fungal lncRNA on a transactivator.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial factors acting on regulatory processes in eukaryotes. Recently, for the first time in a filamentous fungus, the lncRNA was characterized in the ascomycete . In industry, this fungus is widely applied for the high-yield production of cellulases.

Ionic Conductivity of the NASICON-Related Thiophosphate Na Ti Ga (PS ).

Inspired by the recent interest in fast ionic conducting solids for electrolytes, the ionic conductivity of a novel ionic conductor Na Ti Ga (PS ) has been investigated. Using X-ray diffraction and impedance spectroscopy the sodium ionic conductivity in this compound was demonstrated, in which bond valence sum analysis suggests a tunnel diffusion for Na . Substitution with Ga leads to an increasing Na content, an expansion of the lattice and an increasing conductivity with increasing x in Na Ti Ga (PS ) .

A current view on long noncoding RNAs in yeast and filamentous fungi.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial players in epigenetic regulation. They were initially discovered in human, yet they emerged as common factors involved in a number of central cellular processes in several eukaryotes. For example, in the past decade, research on lncRNAs in yeast has steadily increased.

A long noncoding RNA promotes cellulase expression in .

Background: Due to its capability to secrete large quantities of plant biomass degrading enzymes (PBDE), is widely applied for industrial purposes. In nature, expression of PBDE is efficiently regulated in this fungus. Several factors involved in this regulatory network have been identified.

Ultrasound biomicroscopy of tangential keratotomy incision depth after penetrating keratoplasty.

Purpose: To assess the accuracy and reproducibility of using ultrasound biomicroscopy to measure corneal refractive incisions in vivo.

Settings: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Vienna, Austria.

Methods: Ultrasound biomicroscopy was performed in five eyes of five patients who had previous tangential keratotomy for high postkeratoplasty astigmatism.

[Combined therapy with cyclosporin A and cortisone in endocrine Basedow endocrine orbitopathy: successful use in compressive optic neuropathy].

This study reports our experience with a combined treatment with cyclosporin A (Cy A) and cortisone in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), all of whom had compressive optic nerve disease (CON). The therapy was performed in 8 patients (6 females, age range: 40 to 76 years) with normal liver and kidney function and classical Graves' disease, except for 1 male, who had normal thyroid function and no detectable thyroid antibodies. 5 patients were euthyroid on methimazole, 2 patients were off thyrostatic treatment for 5 and 2 years.

Assessment of bronchial effects following topical administration of butylamino-phenoxy-propanol-acetate, an oculoselective beta-adrenoceptor blocker in asthmatic subjects.

1. Butylamino-phenoxy-propanol-acetate (BPPA) is a new topical oculoselective beta-adrenoceptor blocker for the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) in man. Its potency on the airways of normal subjects was identical with that of placebo.

Assessment of systemic effects of different ophthalmic beta-blockers in healthy volunteers.

Systemic beta-blockade after single doses of ophthalmic beta-blockers (one drop in each eye) was investigated in healthy volunteers in two randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled studies. beta-Blockade was evaluated by displacement of the bronchodilator (specific airway conductance), positive chronotropic (heart rate), and tremorogenic (finger tremor amplitude) dose-response curve for inhaled isoproterenol. In study 1, 0.

[Complications following orbital floor fractures].

Complications after orbital floor fractures were studied in 76 cases (follow-up time 4 years). The following procedures were performed by the maxillofacial surgeon: repositioning of the orbital floor, tamponade of the maxillary sinus, covering of the defect with Lyodura, autologous bone grafting, and balloon catheterization. A satisfactory result was achieved after the primary operation in 75% of the cases.

[Significance of echographic tissue differentiation for orbital surgery].

The high degree of accuracy of standardized echography in tissue differentiation of orbital tumors enables the ophthalmic surgeon to determine exactly whether or not orbitotomy is indicated. As a result of the echographic examination the ophthalmologist is optimally informed as to the location, extent, delimitation and nature of the tissue of the tumor, and therefore better able to perform the orbitotomy. Standardized A-scan echography is capable of demonstrating an orbital tumor with 99% accuracy.

[Developmental status and clinical significance of ultrasound diagnosis of intraocular diseases].

Standardized echography is a special method of ultrasonic diagnosis developed for the purpose of ophthalmic tissue differentiation. It is a combination of A-scan 7200 MA (Kretztechnik) and a contact real-time B-scanner (Bronson-Turner). The special design and standardization of A-scan instrumentation and the wide range of application in the diagnosis of intraocular diseases are discussed and representative examples are given to emphasize the clinical significance of this method.

[Cryo-marker for scleral marking of retinal holes (author's transl)].

According to the Lincoff's procedure, a cryoprobe is used for the localization of retinal holes. A cryo-marker developed for Keeler-cryoprobes simplifies the marking of the scleral impression of the cryoprobe, which is often invisible after thawing. The cryo-marker is fixed on the cryoprobe before cryotherapy.

[Fundamentals of echographic diagnosis of acute and chronic sinusitis (author's transl)].

Changes of sound permeability in facial bones are caused by inflammatory or tumorous reaction in the mucosa of the sinuses; echo-orbitography (8-10 MHz) shows in this case extraorbital echo signals if bony walls are thin enough (e.g. Lamina papyracea, anterior and upper wall of the antrum).

[Unilateral congenital anophthalmos with Trabecular agenesia and hydrophthalmos of the other eye (author's transl)].

In a one-year-old female patient, unilateral anophthalmos was ascertained by clinical, echographic and X-ray examination. In addition, the cranial computer tomogram showed trabecular agenesia. The globe of the other eye was existent and was enlarged by hydrophthalmos.

[Posttraumatic dyslexia without agraphia (author's transl)].

Dyslexia without agraphia is a highly complex cerebral malfunction. A posttraumatic case is considered. The localisation of the lesion is remarkable and leads to the conclusion that associative paths have been largely destroyed.