Using Nonexpert Online Reports to Enhance Expert Knowledge About Causes of Death in Dental Offices Reported in Scientific Publications: Qualitative and Quantitative Content Analysis and Search Engine Analysis.

Background: Fatalities rarely occur in dental offices. Implications for clinicians may be deduced from scientific publications and internet reports about deaths in dental offices.

Objective: Data involving deaths in dental facilities were analyzed using Google as well as the PubMed database.

Intraosseous vascular access through the anterior mandible--a cadaver model pilot study.

Background: Several insertion sites have been described for intraosseous puncture in cases of emergencies when a conventional vascular access cannot be established. This pilot study has been designed to evaluate the feasibility of the mandibular bone for the use of an intraosseous vascular access in a cadaver model.

Methodology/principal Findings: 17 dentistry and 16 medical students participating in a voluntary course received a short introduction into the method and subsequently used the battery powered EZ-IO system with a 15 mm cannula for a puncture of the anterior mandible in 33 cadavers.

Evaluation of the sternal intraosseous route as alternative emergency vascular access for the dental office: a manikin and cadaver model pilot study.

Objective: To evaluate 2 sternal intraosseous access devices as alternatives to emergency intravenous access for dentists, using a manikin and a cadaver model.

Study Design: A group of 37 students performed a sternal intraosseous access on a manikin using a Vidacare kit including a puncture template and a prepuncture skin incision. Five months later, 9 of the students used the Vidacare and 8 used an Illinois needle (without template and incision) on adult human cadavers.

How delay to recompression influences treatment and outcome in recreational divers with mild to moderate neurological decompression sickness in a remote setting.

Introduction: This retrospective review examined the influence of delay to recompression on mild/moderate neurological decompression sickness (DCS) in divers, as a pilot for an abandoned prospective study.

Methods: The medical histories of 28 divers treated at a hyperbaric facility in the Maldive Islands in the Indian Ocean were evaluated. The term 'oxygen unit' (OU; 1 OU = 1 bar (ambient pressure) x 1 min x 1.

Different reactions of human nasal and Eustachian tube mucosa after hyperbaric oxygen exposure: a pilot study.

Impairment of Eustachian tube function has been observed after hyperbaric oxygen treatment as well as after diving on oxygen used as breathing gas. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of hyperbaric oxygen exposure on Eustachian tube ventilatory function and airflow characteristics of the nose. Six police task force divers performing two consecutive dives within a regular training schedule on oxygen were examined.

Reduction of gastric inflation by use of a pressure relief valve connected to an acoustic expiration control device during mouth-to-mask ventilation of a manikin model of an unprotected airway.

Background: Gastric inflation is a significant issue when ventilation of the unprotected airway is performed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a prototype pressure relief valve with an acoustic expiration control mechanism connected to two different masks.

Methods: 12 non-physician healthcare professionals (group 1) and 10 newly certified dentists (group 2) performed 10 cycles of cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a manikin using this device compared with mouth-to-mouth technique.

Comparison of clonidine and midazolam as anxiolytic premedication before wisdom tooth surgery: a randomized, double-blind, crossover pilot study.

Purpose: Anxiolytic and possible side effects of clonidine 150 μg compared to midazolam 7.5 mg for premedication in surgical wisdom tooth extraction were evaluated.

Methods: In a prospective, randomized, double-blind crossover trial, ten patients undergoing bilateral wisdom tooth surgery received clonidine or midazolam orally 1 h before the treatment.

Efficacy of ibuprofen versus lornoxicam after third molar surgery: a randomized, double-blind, crossover pilot study.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the analgesic efficacy and tolerability of a pre-emptive/post-surgery 4-day regimen of oral ibuprofen 400 mg with that of lornoxicam 8 mg.

Methods: Sixteen patients received ibuprofen or lornoxicam, respectively, before and after surgery of impacted third molars in two separate appointments, in a double-blind, randomized, and crossover design. The postoperative analgesic and rescue medication consumption was recorded and pain scores were evaluated with a visual analogue scale at 2, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h, postoperatively.

[Prophylactic and therapeutic use of antibiotics in dental medicine].

In dentistry antibiotics are used as a prophylactic measure as well as for therapeutic reasons. For the general practitioner, antibiotic prophylaxis of infectious diseases of dental or oral origin is more prevalent than the antibiotic treatment of such infections. Patients suffering from bacterial infections of oral origin should be referred to a dentist or to an oral surgeon.

[Dental surgery in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy].

It has long been a standard procedure to replace coumarin by heparin if a patient using this oral anticoagulant had to undergo dental surgery. The Quick-Value had then to exceed a certain limit before surgery could be safely performed. Today this procedure has changed in that a switch to heparin is only made for invasive and large area surgery.

Device capable of reducing gastric inflation during artificial ventilation in a manikin model.

Gastric inflation is a significant issue when ventilation is performed in cases of unprotected airway. The objective of this study was to compare the amounts of gastric insufflation and tidal volumes produced by a hose-extended bag-valve-mask (BVM) device supplemented by an interposed reservoir bag with a similar BVM without the reservoir in a simulated human model. Fourteen academic dental staff members performed 10 ventilations on a manikin using the reservoir-supplemented device in comparison to the control BVM in a randomized order.

Comparison of different flow-reducing bag-valve ventilation devices regarding respiratory mechanics and gastric inflation in an unprotected airway model.

Objective: Gastric inflation (GI) is a significant issue when ventilation is performed on unprotected airways.

Design: Experimental analysis on the respiratory effects of hose extended bag-valve ventilation devices designed to reduce inspiratory pressure and flow.

Setting: Laboratory with lung/oesophageal sphincter simulator and pressure-flow-volume analyser.

Alternative concept of ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in dental chairs.

Infrequent training of artificial ventilation in dental facilities implies poor performance of this procedure under CPR. Gastric inflation is a significant issue when ventilation is performed on an unprotected airway. An Easy Grip (EG) Bag-Valve-Mask Resuscitator, a Laryngeal Tube (LT), size #5, and a SMART BAG (SB) resuscitator, a pressure-limiting device, were tested to assess the respiratory effects especially focussing on prevention of gastric inflation during simulated CPR.

Surgical approach in difficult airway management.

In all difficult airway algorithms, cricothyroidotomy is the life-saving procedure and is the final 'cannot ventilate, cannot intubate' option, whether in pre-hospital, emergency department, intensive care unit, or operating room patients. Cricothyroidotomy is a relatively safe and rapid means of securing an emergency airway. As with all other critical procedures in emergency medicine, a thorough knowledge of the technique and adequate practice prior to attempting to perform an emergency cricothyroidotomy are essential.

Mechanical impedance of the respiratory tract in divers before and after simulated deep dives.

Previous studies have inconsistently shown changes in expiratory flows and volumes as well as diffusion capacity of the lungs after single dives and several diving related occupational conditions were considered as possible underlying factors. In this study mechanical impedance of the airways was measured before and after simulated dives to non-invasively determine whether there is evidence for lung function impairment due to hyperbaric exposure. Thirty-three healthy male divers employing air self-contained underwater breathing apparatus were randomly assigned to dry and wet chamber dives in a cross-over design to 600 kPa ambient pressure (total duration 43 min, bottom time 15 min, water temperature 24 degrees C).

[Clonidine in oral medicine. Literature review and our experience].

There is a large experience in premedication with clonidine (Catapresan) for general anaesthesia. Clonidine is an alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist exerting central sympatholytic effects. Premedication with clonidine blunts the stress response to surgical stimuli and the narcotic and anaesthetic dose can be reduced.

Leukotriene-B4 concentrations in exhaled breath condensate and lung function after thirty minutes of breathing technically dried compressed air.

In previous studies it had been shown that leukotriene-B4 [LTB4] concentrations in the exhaled breath mirror the inflammatory activity of the airways if the respiratory tract has been exposed to occupational hazards. In diving the respiratory tract is exposed to cold and dry air and the nasopharynx, as the site of breathing-gas warming and humidification, is bypassed. The aim of the present study was to obtain LTB4-concentrations in the exhaled breath and spirometric data of 17 healthy subjects before and after thirty minutes of technically dried air breathing at normobar ambient pressure.