Carcinoembryonic Antigen Expression in Human Tumors: A Tissue Microarray Study on 13,725 Tumors.

Background/objectives: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a cell-surface glycoprotein serving as a drug target, diagnostic marker, and serum marker for cancer monitoring. However, prevalence data on CEA expression in cancer tissues vary considerably. This study was designed to determine CEA expression in normal and neoplastic tissues.

Prevalence and clinical significance of Claudin-3 expression in cancer: a tissue microarray study on 14,966 tumor samples.

Background: Claudin-3 (CLDN3) participates in the formation of the tight-junctions (TJs) that regulate intercellular permeability. Altered CLDN3 expression has been linked to tumor progression in multiple tumor types. Despite its widespread expression in normal epithelial cells, CLDN3 is considered an attractive drug target candidate, since it may be more accessible in cancer cells than in normal cells due to their less orchestrated cell growth.

PAX6 is a useful marker for pancreatic origin of neuroendocrine neoplasms: A tissue microarray study evaluating more than 19,000 tumors from 150 different tumor types.

PAX6 immunohistochemistry (IHC) was proposed as a tool to identify a pancreatic origin of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). To evaluate the diagnostic utility of PAX6 IHC, a tissue microarray containing 19,214 samples from 150 tumor types was analyzed. Data on progesterone receptor (PR) and glutamate decarboxylase 2 (GAD2) expression were available from previous studies.

PGP9.5 expression in human tumors: A tissue microarray study on 13,920 tumors from 120 different tumor entities.

The protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), also termed ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) is an important component of the ubiquitination/deubiquitination system and plays a role in axonal transport.

Tissue microarray analyses of the essential DNA repair factors ATM, DNA-PKcs and Ku80 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) negative for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has remained a difficult to treat entity, whereas tumors positive for HPV are characterized by radiosensitivity and favorable patient outcome. On the cellular level, radiosensitivity is largely governed by the tumor cells` ability to repair radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), but no biomarker is established that could guide clinical decision making. Therefore, we tested the impact of the expression levels of ATM, the central kinase of the DNA damage response as well as DNA-PKcs and Ku80, two major factors in the main DSB repair pathway non-homologous end joining (NHEJ).

Expression of Trefoil Factor 1 (TFF1) in Cancer: A Tissue Microarray Study Involving 18,878 Tumors.

Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) plays a role in the mucus barrier. To evaluate the prevalence of TFF1 expression in cancer, a tissue microarray containing 18,878 samples from 149 tumor types and 608 samples of 76 normal tissue types was analyzed through immunohistochemistry (IHC). TFF1 staining was detectable in 65 of 149 tumor categories.

PAX8 expression in cancerous and non-neoplastic tissue: a tissue microarray study on more than 17,000 tumors from 149 different tumor entities.

PAX8 plays a role in development of the thyroid, kidney, and the Wolffian and Mullerian tract. In surgical pathology, PAX8 immunohistochemistry is used to determine tumors of renal and ovarian origin, but data on its expression in other tumors are conflicting. To evaluate PAX8 expression in normal and tumor tissues, a tissue microarray containing 17,386 samples from 149 different tumor types and 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.

Stimulator of Interferon Genes Protein (STING) Expression in Cancer Cells: A Tissue Microarray Study Evaluating More than 18,000 Tumors from 139 Different Tumor Entities.

Stimulator of interferon genes protein (STING) activates the immune response in inflammatory cells. STING expression in cancer cells is less well characterized, but STING agonists are currently being evaluated as anticancer drugs. A tissue microarray containing 18,001 samples from 139 different tumor types was analyzed for STING by immunohistochemistry.

KLK7 expression in human tumors: a tissue microarray study on 13,447 tumors.

Background: Kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7) is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease which is essential for the desquamation of corneocytes and thus plays a pivotal role in maintaining skin homeostasis. In cancer, KLK7 overexpression was suggested to represent a route for metastasis through cleavage of cell junction and extracellular matrix proteins of cancer cells.

Methods: To comprehensively determine KLK7 protein expression in normal and neoplastic tissues, a tissue microarray containing 13,447 samples from 147 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.

Expert assessment of infiltration depth and recommendation of endoscopic resection technique in early Barrett cancer.

Background: Early Barrett cancer can be curatively treated by endoscopic resection. The choice of the resection technique, however-endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or submucosal dissection (ESD)-largely depends on the assumed infiltration depth as judged by the endoscopist. However, the accuracy of endoscopic diagnosis of the degree of cancer infiltration is not known.

Protective function of sclerosing cholangitis on IBD.

Objective: There is a strong clinical association between IBD and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a chronic disease of the liver characterised by biliary inflammation that leads to strictures and fibrosis. Approximately 60%-80% of people with PSC will also develop IBD (PSC-IBD). One hypothesis explaining this association would be that PSC drives IBD.

Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) Expression in Human Tumors: A Comparison with Pan-Cytokeratin and TROP2 in 14,832 Tumors.

EpCAM is expressed in many epithelial tumors and is used for the distinction of malignant mesotheliomas from adenocarcinomas and as a surrogate pan-epithelial marker. A tissue microarray containing 14,832 samples from 120 different tumor categories was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. EpCAM staining was compared with TROP2 and CKpan.

Staining pattern of specific and cross-reacting Melan-A antibodies: A comparative study on 15,840 samples from 133 human tumor types.

The Melan-A (melanocyte antigen) protein, also termed 'melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1' (MART-1) is a protein with unknown function whose expression is specific for the melanocyte lineage. Antibodies against Melan-A are thus used for identifying melanocytic tumors, but some Melan-A antibodies show an additional - diagnostically useful - cross-reactivity against an unspecified protein involved in corticosteroid hormone synthesis. To comprehensively compare the staining patterns of a specific and a cross-reactive Melan-A antibody in normal and neoplastic tissues, tissue microarrays containing 15,840 samples from 133 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.

Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Is a Useful Marker for Sex-Cord-Stroma Tumors and Normal and Neoplastic Adrenocortical Tissue.

Context.—: Steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein is a mitochondrial transport protein with a critical regulatory role for steroid hormone production. The tissue distribution of StAR expression is limited to few human normal tissues.

Cadherin-17 (CDH17) expression in human cancer: A tissue microarray study on 18,131 tumors.

Cadherin-17 (CDH17) is a membranous cell adhesion protein predominantly expressed in intestinal epithelial cells. CDH17 is therefore considered a possible diagnostic and therapeutic target. This study was to comprehensively determine the expression of CDH17 in cancer and to further assess the diagnostic utility of CDH17 immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Intestinal Epithelia and Myeloid Immune Cells Shape Colitis Severity and Colorectal Carcinogenesis via High-mobility Group Box Protein 1.

Background: High-mobility group box protein 1 [HMGB1] is a ubiquitous nucleoprotein with immune-regulatory properties following cellular secretion or release in sterile and in infectious inflammation. Stool and serum HMGB1 levels correlate with colitis severity and colorectal cancer [CRC] progression, yet recent reports indicate that HMGB1 mainly operates as an intracellular determinant of enterocyte fate during colitis, and investigations into the roles of HMGB1 in CRC are lacking.

Methods: Using mice with conditional HMGB1-knockout in enterocytes [Hmgb1ΔIEC] and myeloid cells [Hmgb1ΔLysM], respectively, we explored functions of HMGB1 in pathogenetically diverse contexts of colitis and colitis-associated CRC.

Prostein expression in human tumors: a tissue microarray study on 19,202 tumors from 152 different Tumor entities.

Background: Prostein (P501S), also termed solute carrier family 45 member 3 (SLC45A3) is an androgen regulated protein which is preferentially expressed in prostate epithelial cells. Because of its frequent expression in prostate cancer, prostein was suggested a diagnostic prostate cancer marker.

Methods: In order to comprehensively assess the diagnostic utility of prostein immunohistochemistry, a tissue microarray containing 19,202 samples from 152 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.