Lifestyle Intervention in Reducing Insulin Resistance and Preventing type 2 Diabetes in Asia Pacific Region: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose Of Review: To update the evidence of lifestyle interventions for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellites (T2DM) in adults, particularly in the Asia Pacific region. The key questions to ask are: 1) How effective are lifestyle interventions in preventing T2DM among at-risk adults in the Asia Pacific Region? 2)What are the key characteristics of the implementation of lifestyle interventions for diabetes prevention?

Recent Findings: Lifestyle interventions for the prevention of T2DM have been suggested to be effective. There is evidence of ethnic differences in some glycaemic and anthropometric outcomes.

Effects of Lifestyle Interventions on Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Risk Factors Among Individuals at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes are also at an increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although there are separate trials examining the effects of lifestyle interventions on absolute CVD risk among people at high risk for type 2 diabetes, a comprehensive evidence synthesis of these trials is lacking.

Objective: We will systematically synthesize the evidence on the effects of lifestyle interventions in reducing absolute CVD risk and CVD risk factors among people at high risk for type 2 diabetes.

Shifting roles of community health workers in the prevention and management of noncommunicable disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.

Community Health Workers (CHWs) play a crucial role in the prevention and management of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The COVID-19 pandemic triggered the implementation of crisis-driven responses that involved shifts in the roles of CHWs in terms of delivering services for people with NCDs. Strategically aligning these shifts with health systems is crucial to improve NCD service delivery.

Ten-Year Risk Equations for Incident Heart Failure in Established Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Populations.

Background: Ten-year risk equations for incident heart failure (HF) are available for the general population, but not for patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), which is highly prevalent in HF cohorts. This study aimed to develop and validate 10-year risk equations for incident HF in patients with known ASCVD.

Methods And Results: Ten-year risk equations for incident HF were developed using the United Kingdom Biobank cohort (recruitment 2006-2010) including participants with established ASCVD but free from HF at baseline.

Cardiovascular disease hospitalizations among women who undergo fertility treatment.

Research Question: Are women who receive fertility treatment at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) hospitalization compared with women who do not?

Design: A retrospective cohort study of all women registered for fertility treatment at Monash IVF between 1998 and 2014. This cohort was linked to the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset, which contains records of all hospital admissions in the Australian state of Victoria. Age- and Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage (IRSD)-adjusted relative risks of CVD hospitalization for women who did or did not undergo fertility treatment were determined using Poisson regression.

Strengthening research capacity of early-mid career researchers: Implementation and evaluation of the Excellence in Non-COmmunicable disease REsearch (ENCORE) program.

High-quality training and networking are pivotal for enhancing the research capacity of early- to mid-career researchers in the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases. Beyond building research skills, these professionals gain valuable insights from interdisciplinary mentorship, networking opportunities, and exposure to diverse cultures and health systems. Despite the significance of such initiatives, their implementation remains underexplored.

Practical Strategies for Improving Sustainability and Scale-up of Noncommunicable Disease-related Public Health Interventions: Lessons from the Better Health Program in Southeast Asia.

Introduction: The Better Health Program has been addressing key health system issues in the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines. As the program comes to an end, the sustainability and scaling-up of issues have assumed importance.

Objectives: The objective is to assess how well sustainability and scale-up strategies have been integrated into the design and implementation of a 3-year multicountry technical program; to explore enablers and barriers of sustainability and scaling up; and to identify practical strategies that can improve sustainability and scale-up of Better Health Program interventions.

Effects of customer relationship management (CRM) strategies and socio-cognitive constructs on the physical activity of individuals with arthritis over time.

Background: Regular physical activity is important for arthritis self-management and could be promoted through tailoring community leisure and fitness centers' customer-relationship management (CRM) strategies.

Objectives: This study investigates the influence of two CRM strategies on individuals with arthritis reaching or maintaining two moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) thresholds (≥150 and ≥45 minutes/week) from baseline-to-12 months and 12-to-24 months as well as mean changes in total minutes/week of MVPA. It also explores time-dependent variations in the influence of socio-cognitive variables on MVPA outcomes.

Differences in predictors of incident heart failure according to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease status.

Aims: Heart failure (HF) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality, related to a broad range of sociodemographic, lifestyle, cardiometabolic, and comorbidity risk factors, which may differ according to the presence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). We assessed the association between incident HF with baseline status across these domains, overall and separated according to ASCVD status.

Methods And Results: We included 5758 participants from the Baker Biobank cohort without HF at baseline enrolled between January 2000 and December 2011.

A peer support program results in greater health benefits for peer leaders than other participants: evidence from the Kerala diabetes prevention program.

Background: Peer support programs are promising approaches to diabetes prevention. However, there is still limited evidence on the health benefits of peer support programs for lay peer leaders.

Purpose: To examine whether a peer support program designed for diabetes prevention resulted in greater improvements in health behaviors and outcomes for peer leaders as compared to other participants.

Functional limitation as a mediator of the relationship between multimorbidity on health-related quality of life in Australia: evidence from a national panel mediation analysis.

Objective: The inverse relationships between chronic disease multimorbidity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) have been well-documented in the literature. However, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains largely unknown. This is the first study to look into the potential role of functional limitation as a mediator in the relationship between multimorbidity and HRQoL.

The association between obesity, health service use, and work productivity in Australia: a cross-sectional quantile regression analysis.

The burden of disease attributable to obesity is rapidly increasing and becoming a public health challenge globally. Using a nationally representative sample in Australia, this study aims to examine the association of obesity with healthcare service use and work productivity across outcome distributions. We used Household, Income and Labour Dynamics Australia (HILDA) Wave 17 (2017-2018), including 11,211 participants aged between 20 and 65 years.

Digital Health Solutions for Community-Based Control of Diabetes During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Implementation Outcomes.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has added to the pre-existing challenges of diabetes management in many countries. It has accelerated the wider use of digital health solutions which have tremendous potential to improve health outcomes for people with diabetes. However, little is known about the attributes and the implementation of these solutions.

The long-term effects of Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program on diabetes incidence and cardiometabolic risk: a study protocol.

Introduction: India currently has more than 74.2 million people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This is predicted to increase to 124.

Putting non-communicable disease data to work in Vietnam: an investigation of community health surveillance capacity.

Introduction: Despite the public health system's critical role in non-communicable disease (NCD) surveillance in Vietnam, limited evidence exists on the implementation of NCD surveillance activities within these systems and the need for capacity building across different system levels to meet expected NCD surveillance goals. This study aimed to evaluate the status of and describe factors affecting the implementation of NCD surveillance activities and to identify the NCD surveillance capacity building needs of the public health system in Vietnam.

Methods: We used a mixed-methods approach in four provinces, conducting self-completed surveys of staff from six Preventive Medicine Institutes (PHI), 53 Centres for Disease Control (CDC) and 148 commune health stations (CHS), as well as 14 in-depth interviews and 22 focus group discussions at four PHI, four CDC, and eight district health centres and CHS.

Capacity of the Ethiopian primary health care system to achieve universal health coverage: a primary health care progression approach.

Comprehensive and globally comparable evidence about primary health care (PHC) capacity is needed to inform policies and decisions. We carried out a study to assess the Ethiopian PHC capacity in terms of governance, inputs, and population health and facility management domains. The PHC capacity of all the regions, city administrations and the Ministry of Health was assessed using the PHC progression model.

Low physical activity is associated with adverse health outcome and higher costs in Indonesia: A national panel study.

Aims: To assess the association between low physical activity, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk factors, health service utilization, risk of catastrophic health expenditure, and work productivity in Indonesia.

Methods: In this population-based, panel data analysis, we used data from two waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) for 2007/2008 and 2014/2015. Respondents aged 40-80 years who participated in both waves were included in this study ( = 5,936).