Interaction between gut microbiota metabolites and dietary components in lipid metabolism and metabolic diseases.

Gut microbiota composition has caused perplexity in developing precision therapy to cure metabolic disorders. However, recent research has focused on using daily diet and natural bioactive compounds to correct gut microbiota dysbiosis and regulate host metabolism. Complex interactions between the gut microbiota and dietary compounds disrupt or integrate the gut barrier and lipid metabolism.

Fatty liver mediates the association of hyperuricemia with prediabetes and diabetes: a weighting-based mediation analysis.

Background: Fatty liver, obesity, and dyslipidemia are associated with prediabetes or diabetes risk, and hyperuricemia co-exists. The present study evaluated the role of multiple mediators, namely, fatty liver, body mass index (BMI), and dyslipidemia, in the association between hyperuricemia and diabetes status.

Methods: Baseline data from the ongoing Fuqing cohort (5,336 participants) were analyzed to investigate the association of hyperuricemia with diabetes status using a multinomial logistic regression model.

Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signalling Pathway-A Potential Target for Cancer Intervention: A Short Overview.

Background: The mammalian role of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is the practical nutrient-sensitive regulation of animal growth and plays a central role in physiology, metabolism, and common diseases. The mTOR is activated in response to nutrients, growth factors, and cellular energy. The mTOR pathway activates in various cellular processes and human cancer diseases.

Determinants of Voluntary Counseling and Testing Service Uptake Among Adult Sub-Saharan Africans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

To examine the major determinants of VCT service uptake among adults in SSA. Electronic databases were searched to identify eligible English language publications. Reporting of the study selection procedure was done according to PRISMA and the selected articles were also critically appraised.

Association between urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and diabetes mellitus among the US population: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The primary aim of this study is to examine the association between urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and diabetes mellitus (DM) among the US population.

Methods: We used data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2003-16, which is a nationally representative population-based survey of the US non-institutionalized population. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between urinary PAHs and the prevalence of DM using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Medical laboratory staff satisfaction and their perspective on the role of health institutions to combat COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To assess the facilities and challenges encountered in the clinical laboratories, satisfaction of the medical laboratory staff (MLS) toward their profession and their views on the role of related health institutions during the first wave of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Nepal.

Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among registered MLS in Nepal. Data were collected using a structured self-reported questionnaire on the Google Docs platform.

Overview on Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP): A Potential Target for Diabetes Intervention.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder characterized by a persistent increment of blood glucose. Type 2 DM is characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is among the factors that control the production and loss of pancreatic β-cells.

A non-traditional dietary pattern increases risk of coronary artery disease in the Nepalese population.

Objectives: Several dietary patterns are associated with cardiovascular diseases. Traditional, Western, Mediterranean, and vegetarian are common dietary patterns, derived from principal component analysis (PCA) of dietary food intakes associated with cardiovascular diseases; however, these patterns were derived mostly from the diet habits of people in Western and European countries. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine dietary patterns linked with coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Nepalese population.

Combating the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences of the First Wave From Nepal.

Unprecedented and unforeseen highly infectious Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a significant public health concern for most of the countries worldwide, including Nepal, and it is spreading rapidly. Undoubtedly, every nation has taken maximum initiative measures to break the transmission chain of the virus. This review presents a retrospective analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal, analyzing the actions taken by the Government of Nepal (GoN) to inform future decisions.

Associations Between Sleep Quality and Health Span: A Prospective Cohort Study Based on 328,850 UK Biobank Participants.

Objective: To examine the associations between sleep quality and health span using a prospective cohort design based on the UK Biobank (UKB).

Materials And Methods: This longitudinal cohort study enrolled 328,850 participants aged between 37 and 73 years from UKB to examine the associations between sleep quality and risk of terminated health span. End of health span was defined by eight events strongly associated with longevity (cancer, death, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, dementia, and diabetes), and a sleep score was generated according to five sleep behavioral factors (sleep duration, chronotype, sleeplessness, daytime sleepiness, and snoring) to characterize sleep quality.

A Multilevel Analysis to Determine the Factors Associated with Institutional Delivery in Nepal: Further Analysis of Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016.

Background: One out of two neonatal deaths and 2 out of 5 maternal deaths occur at home in Nepal. An essential intervention in reducing maternal mortality and neonatal death is institutional delivery. The objective of this study was to find out the external environmental, predisposing, and enabling factors associated with the use of institutional delivery care in Nepal.

Causal effects of dietary calcium, zinc and iron intakes on coronary artery disease in men: G-estimation and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analyses.

Background & Aims: Dietary minerals have significant effects on the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the results of previous studies were not uniform across different countries. The current study aims to determine the causal effects of dietary calcium, zinc, and iron intakes on coronary artery disease (CAD) among Nepalese men.

Levels of a mixture of heavy metals in blood and urine and all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality: A population-based cohort study.

People are exposed to heavy metals in many ways during the course of their daily life. However, the effect of mixtures of heavy metals on mortality in the U.S.

Xanthine Oxidase and Transforming Growth Factor Beta-activated Kinase 1: Potential Targets for Gout Intervention.

Background: Gout, inflammatory arthritis caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals into affected joints and other tissues, has become one of the major health problems of today's world. The main risk factor for gout is hyperuricemia, which may be caused by excessive or insufficient excretion of uric acid. The incidence is usually in the age group of 30- 50 years, commonly in males.

HDL cholesterol: A potential mediator of the association between urinary cadmium concentration and cardiovascular disease risk.

Evidence from previous studies has shown that exposure to metals is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between metal mixtures and CVD risk and the potential mechanisms in epidemiologic studies remain unclear. The data of 14,795 adults who participated in the U.

Andersen's model on determining the factors associated with antenatal care services in Nepal: an evidence-based analysis of Nepal demographic and health survey 2016.

Background: With the formulation of the National Safe Motherhood Policy in 1998, safe motherhood has forever been a priority program in Nepal. Under the safe motherhood program, every woman is provided with essential maternal health care services until now through the four-tire district health care system. There is a considerable increase in the utilization of antenatal care (ANC) by a skilled health provider from 2011 to 2016, 58 to 84%, respectively.

Association of smoking with coronary artery disease in Nepalese populations: a case control study.

There are well-known traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). Among them, smoking is one of the most prominent and modifiable risk factors. This study aims to determine the magnitude of smoking as a risk factor for CAD in the Nepalese population.