Major chromosome rearrangements in intergeneric wheat × rye hybrids in compatible and incompatible crosses detected by GBS read coverage analysis.

The presence of incompatibility alleles in primary amphidiploids constitutes a reproductive barrier in newly synthesized wheat-rye hybrids. To overcome this barrier, the genome stabilization process includes large-scale chromosome rearrangements. In incompatible crosses resulting in fertile amphidiploids, the elimination of one of the incompatible alleles Eml-A1 or Eml-R1b can occur already in the somatic tissue of the wheat × rye hybrid embryo.

Cryopreservation of Duckweed Genetic Diversity as Model for Long-Term Preservation of Aquatic Flowering Plants.

Vegetatively propagating aquatic angiosperms, the Lemnaceae family (duckweeds) represents valuable genetic resources for circular bioeconomics and other sustainable applications. Due to extremely fast growth and laborious cultivation of in vitro collections, duckweeds are an urgent subject for cryopreservation. We developed a robust and fast DMSO-free protocol for duckweed cryopreservation by vitrification.

DEFECTIVE ENDOSPERM-D1 (Dee-D1) is crucial for endosperm development in hexaploid wheat.

Hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a natural allopolyploid and provides a usable model system to better understand the genetic mechanisms that underlie allopolyploid speciation through the hybrid genome doubling. Here we aimed to identify the contribution of chromosome 1D in the development and evolution of hexaploid wheat.

The changes in the reproductive barrier between hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.): different states lead to different fates.

The changes in the reproductive barrier between hexaploid wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and rye ( Secale cereale L.) can be induced using in situ embryo rescue of abnormal embryos, yielding stable fertile amphidiploid plants.

Hybrid dwarfness in crosses between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.): a new look at an old phenomenon.

The existence of hybrid dwarfs from intraspecific crosses in wheat (Triticum aestivum) was described 100 years ago, and the genetics underlying hybrid dwarfness are well understood. In this study, we report a dwarf phenotype in interspecific hybrids between wheat and rye (Secale cereale). We identified two rye lines that produce hybrid dwarfs with wheat and have none of the hitherto known hybrid dwarfing genes.

[Genetics of postzygotic reproductive isolation in plants].

Postzygotic reproductive isolation, based on negative interactions of genes, is a key aspect of divergent speciation in plants and animals. The effect of the interaction manifests as a drastic reduction in fitness of hybrids of the first and subsequent generations, which is expressed as hybrid lethality, weakness or sterility. Both simple genetic control of genetic incompatibility, which includes interallelic negative complementation or epistatic interactions of a limited number of genes, and more complex control, based on epistatic interactions of many genes, have been described in plants.

[Genetic control of embryo lethality in crosses between common wheat and rye].

The phenotypic manifestation and genetic control of embryo lethality observed in crosses between common wheat and rye were studied. It was found that crosses between common wheat and inbred self-fertile rye lines L2 and 535 gave rise to ungerminating grains, in which the development and differentiation of the hybrid embryo are arrested. Study of the degree of embryo development in the hybrid grains obtained by crossing common wheat varieties with inbred rye lines L2 and 535 showed that genotypes of the parents affected the ratio between undifferentiated embryos of various sizes.

[Gene typing of infectious tularemia strains isolated from the Stavropol and Krasnodar Territories].

The typing of F. tularensis strains by four variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) loci has been carried out. Among the strains isolated in the Stavropol and Krasnodar Territories seven genotypes have been detected and their spread in different natural foci has been analyzed.

[Epidemiological situation on tularemia in the regions of Stavropol Territory affected by flood].

The data obtained in the analysis of the epidemiological situation in tularemia in the zone of inundation in the Stavropol Territory in 2002 are presented. The current systematic epidemiological surveillance, as well as the data of urgent epizootological and epidemiological survey in the zone of inundation permitted the objective prognostication of the situation in tularemia and formed the basis for the rational planning and realization of prophylactic measures.

[The effect of genotypes of parental rye lines on the development of quantitative traits in primary octoploid Triticale: spike fertility].

The number of seeds and seed setting in the main spike were studied in primary octoploid triticale obtained from crosses between the common wheat cultivar Chinese Spring and 66 inbred rye lines. In some rye lines, the mutations of self-fertility were identified in the S, Z, or T incompatibility loci. The number of seeds was determined under controlled self-pollination of the main spike.

[Specialized epidemic brigade during extreme situation].

Information on the main trends in the activity and on the organization of the work of the specialized antiepidemic brigade of the Stavropol Research Institute for Plague Control in Grozny in the first half of the year 2000 is presented. At the initial stage of this activity the specialists of the brigade were entrusted with all functions of the local state sanitary and epidemiological service which had lost its qualified personnel and material resources. At the initial stages of the work the main attention was drawn to the organization of the registration of patients with infectious diseases, to the control of drinking water and to the realization of immunoprophylactic measures, etc.

[Role of some wild birds and mammals in the natural foci of Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Stavropol' region].

The results of the study on the role of some wild mammals and birds as feeding sources of for ticks Hyalomma marginatum, the main vectors of Crimean haemorrhagic fever virus in the Stavropol Territory, in the preimago phases of their development are presented. These phases (larvae and nymphs) were found on rooks, hooded crows, partridges, European brown hares and eared hedgehogs. The examination of domestic fowl resulted in finding larvae and nymphs in small amounts on turkeys.

[Outbreak of tularemia in the Republic of Dagestan].

In Daghestan in the focus of the flood-plain swamp type 64 persons fell ill with tularemia in 1999. During the epizootological survey 8 Francisella tularensis strains were isolated from vectors and carriers and in 7 samples taken from open water reservoirs, as well as in 1 sample obtained from Ixodes ticks, tularemia antigen was detected. Humans were infected mainly by the transmissive route, as found in 71.

[Comparative characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1, isolated from surface water reservoirs in Grozny in 1995 and 2000].

The results of complete identification revealed the phenotypical similarity of V. cholerae strains isolated from surface water reservoirs im Grozny in 1995 and 2000. The strains under study proved to be atoxigenic, hemolysis-positive and phage resistant.

[On the sanitary-hygienic state of the drinking water supply facility and the organization of the sanitary and bacteriological control of the water supply of the population of Grozny in recent years].

Information on the state of water supply in Grozny in the time of peace, during the armed conflict of 1994-1996 and at the period of the antiterrorist operation in the year 2000 is presented. In the year 2000 the centralized water supply of the population proved to be completely paralyzed. The quality of water brought to the city and water from the sources of decentralized water supply considerably deviated from the norm by its bacteriological characteristics.

[Epizootic significance of white-toothed shrews in the natural focus of steppe type tularemia in the Stavropol' region].

The observations indicate that anthropogenic activities cause structural changes with time among tularemia pathogen carriers in the microfocus. The epizootic and epidemic values of animal species, such as dwarf hamsters and house mice, decrease while those of insect-eating animals, namely white-toothed shrews that refer to Group II increase, in terms of tularemia infection susceptibility. In white-toothed shrews, tularemia infection rates are 4-6-times greater than those in other small mammals that refer to Group I.

[Taxonomic position and ecology of the causative agent of brucellosis isolated from murine rodents in regions of the northern foothills of the Greater Caucasus. II. The ecological and pathogenetic characteristics of Brucella strains isolated from murine rodents].

To establish the possibility of the circulation of brucellae among the population of myomorphous rodents, the mass survey of these rodents was carried out in the mountainous and foothill regions of the Caucasus. In the area of the northern foothills of the Caucasian Mountains 23 Brucella cultures were isolated from 2715 rodents under examination; these cultures proved to be similar to B. suis 1330 in respect to their pathogenicity and the character of pathomorphological changes induced in guinea pigs.

[Comparative evaluation of the spectrum of lytic effects of bacteriophages TB, Wb, Fi, BK 2 and R on various Brucella species].

The lytic activity of Brucella phages TB, Wb, Fi, BK2 and R on various Brucella species has been studied. Phage TB has been found to lyse B. abortus, B.