Prolonged intermittent theta burst stimulation restores the balance between A2AR- and A1R-mediated adenosine signaling in the 6-hydroxidopamine model of Parkinson's disease.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202507000-00027/figure1/v/2024-09-09T124005Z/r/image-tiff An imbalance in adenosine-mediated signaling, particularly the increased A2AR-mediated signaling, plays a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Existing therapeutic approaches fail to alter disease progression, demonstrating the need for novel approaches in PD.

Intermittent theta burst stimulation attenuates oxidative stress and reactive astrogliosis in the streptozotocin-induced model of Alzheimer's disease-like pathology.

Introduction: Intracerebroventricularly (icv) injected streptozotocin (STZ) is a widely used model for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD)-like pathology, marked by oxidative stress-mediated pathological progression. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a noninvasive technique for brain activity stimulation with the ability to induce long-term potentiation-like plasticity and represents a promising treatment for several neurological diseases, including AD. The present study aims to investigate the effect of the iTBS protocol on the animal model of STZ-induced sAD-like pathology in the context of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloidogenic effects in the cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum.

Probing cellular health at the muscle level-Multi-frequency bioimpedance in Parkinson's disease.

Bioimpedance (mfBIA) non-invasively assesses cellular muscle health. Our aim was to explore whether mfBIA captures abnormal cellular muscle health in patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) and how such changes are modulated with the use of Parkinson's medication. In patients with PD (n = 20) mfBIA measurements were made of biceps brachii, triceps, and extensor carpi radialis longus muscles of the more affected arm whilst at rest, using a mobile mfBIA device (IMPEDIMED, Australia).

Intermittent theta burst stimulation ameliorates cognitive impairment and hippocampal gliosis in the Streptozotocin-induced model of Alzheimer's disease.

Intracerebroventricularly (icv) injected streptozotocin (STZ) model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is used to explore the effect of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) on astrocyte and microglia reactivity in selectively vulnerable brain regions and answer the question whether these changes are in the context of cognitive capacity. The iTBS is a non-invasive approach for stimulating neuronal and glial activity with the ability to induce long-term potentiation-like plasticity and represents a promising treatment for different neurological diseases, including AD. Male Wistar rats were assigned to five groups: 1.

Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Ameliorates Cognitive Deficit and Attenuates Neuroinflammation PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Alzheimer's-Like Disease Model.

Neurodegeneration implies progressive neuronal loss and neuroinflammation further contributing to pathology progression. It is a feature of many neurological disorders, most common being Alzheimer's disease (AD). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive stimulation which modulates excitability of stimulated brain areas through magnetic pulses.

Downregulation of CD73/AR-Mediated Adenosine Signaling as a Potential Mechanism of Neuroprotective Effects of Theta-Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Acute Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease caused by autoimmune-mediated inflammation in the central nervous system. Purinergic signaling is critically involved in MS-associated neuroinflammation and its most widely applied animal model-experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). A promising but poorly understood approach in the treatment of MS is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Efficacy results of pimavanserin from a multi-center, open-label extension study in Parkinson's disease psychosis patients.

Introduction: Pimavanserin, a selective 5-HT inverse agonist/antagonist, was approved for hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP). We present durability of response with pimavanserin in patients with PDP for an additional 4 weeks of treatment.

Methods: This was an open-label extension (OLE) study in patients previously completing one of three double-blind, placebo-controlled (Core) studies.

Compensatory Neuroprotective Response of Thioredoxin Reductase against Oxidative-Nitrosative Stress Induced by Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Rats: Modulation by Theta Burst Stimulation.

Cortical theta burst stimulation (TBS) structured as intermittent (iTBS) and continuous (cTBS) could prevent the progression of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The interplay of brain antioxidant defense systems against free radicals (FRs) overproduction induced by EAE, as well as during iTBS or cTBS, have not been entirely investigated. This study aimed to examine whether oxidative-nitrogen stress (ONS) is one of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of EAE, which may be changed in terms of health improvement by iTBS or cTBS.

Long-term evaluation of open-label pimavanserin safety and tolerability in Parkinson's disease psychosis.

Introduction: Pimavanserin is a selective 5-HT inverse agonist/antagonist approved for treating hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP). Results from short-term, placebo-controlled studies demonstrated a positive benefit/risk profile. This multi-year, open-label study assessed long-term safety and tolerability of pimavanserin.

Theta burst stimulation ameliorates symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and attenuates reactive gliosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease caused by inflammatory processes in the central nervous system (CNS). Decades of research led to discovery of several disease-modifying therapeutics strategies with moderate success. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is currently the most commonly used experimental model for MS and for studying various therapeutic approaches.

Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Patient-Controlled Intravenous Morphine Analgesia on Analgesic Use and Post-Thoracotomy Pain. A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled, Proof-of-Concept Clinical Trial.

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is used for various chronic pain conditions, but experience with tDCS for acute postoperative pain is limited. This study investigated the effect of tDCS vs. sham stimulation on postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity after thoracotomy.

Patient-Controlled Intravenous Morphine Analgesia Combined with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Post-Thoracotomy Pain: A Cost-Effectiveness Study and A Feasibility For Its Future Implementation.

This prospective randomized study aims to evaluate the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with patient controlled intravenous morphine analgesia (PCA-IV) as part of multimodal analgesia after thoracotomy. Patients assigned to the active treatment group (a-tDCS, = 27) received tDCS over the left primary motor cortex for five days, whereas patients assigned to the control group (sham-tDCS, = 28) received sham tDCS stimulations. All patients received postoperative PCA-IV morphine.

Theta burst stimulation influence the expression of BDNF in the spinal cord on the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) induces changes in expression of proteins engaged in the activity of excitatory and inhibitory systems, restores these functions and suppresses the progression of disability in experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). The structural type of TMS, the arrangement as theta burst stimulation (TBS) has been applied as intermittent TBS (iTBS) and continuous TBS (cTBS) protocols to female adult DA rats. The animals were randomly divided into experimental groups: control group (C), group treated with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) group, group treated with iTBS post EAE immunization (EAE + iTBS), group treated with cTBS post EAE immunization (EAE + cTBS), group of healthy animals treated with iTBS or cTBS.

Increased plasma phosphatidylcholine/lysophosphatidylcholine ratios in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Rationale: Changes in lipid composition might be associated with the onset and progression of various neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we investigated the changes in the plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC)/lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) ratios in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in comparison with healthy subjects and their correlation with clinico-pathological features.

Methods: The study included 10 controls and 25 patients with PD.

Prooxidant-antioxidant balance, advanced oxidation protein products and lipid peroxidation in Serbian patients with Parkinson's disease.

Background: Biomarkers of oxidative stress are relevant in the evaluation of the disease status and prooxidant-antioxidant balance, advanced oxidation protein products and lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal) are being extensively evaluated regarding their relationship with clinical presentation and disease severity.

Aim Of The Study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of the above-mentioned parameters in plasma of 39 men and 17 women with Parkinson's disease, originated from the Republic of Serbia and their relation to clinicopathological characteristics (gender, age at examination, duration of the disease, and Hoehn and Yahr score) and oxidative status.

Results: The incidence of disease was 2:1 towards males.

Quantitative Assessment of the Arm/Hand Movements in Parkinson's Disease Using a Wireless Armband Device.

We present an approach for quantitative assessment of the arm/hand movements in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), from sensor data acquired with a wearable, wireless armband device (Myo sensor). We propose new that can be adopted by practitioners for the quantitative evaluation of motor performance and support their clinical evaluations. In addition, specific can indicate the presence of the bradykinesia symptom.

Combined Vision and Wearable Sensors-based System for Movement Analysis in Rehabilitation.

Background: Traditional rehabilitation sessions are often a slow, tedious, disempowering and non-motivational process, supported by clinical assessment tools, i.e. evaluation scales that are prone to subjective rating and imprecise interpretation of patient's performance.

Effects of anodal tDCS and occupational therapy on fine motor skill deficits in patients with chronic stroke.

Background: A growing body of evidence supports the effectiveness of using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in patients with chronic hand motor impairment resulting from stroke.

Objective: In this study, we investigate and compare the combined effects of anodal tDCS and occupational therapy (OT) to sham stimulation with OT (control) on fine motor skill deficits of chronic stroke patients.

Methods: A total of 26 stroke patients (at ≥ 9 months) were randomly assigned to an active treatment or a control group in a double-blinded, sham-controlled, parallel design study.

Transcranial theta-burst stimulation alters GLT-1 and vGluT1 expression in rat cerebellar cortex.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) induces changes in expression of proteins engaged in activity of excitatory and inhibitory systems as well as redox homeostasis. Our aim was to investigate the effect of single (SS) and repeated session (RS) of intermittent and continuous theta-burst stimulation (iTBS; cTBS) on the expression of vesicular and plasmatic glutamate transporters 1 (vGluT1 and GLT-1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and influence on oxidative status in rats cerebellar tissue and plasma. Redox state parameters in cerebellar tissue and plasma were assessed 24 h after single and 48 h after the last TBS session.

Opportunities for Guided Multichannel Non-invasive Transcranial Current Stimulation in Poststroke Rehabilitation.

Stroke is a leading cause of serious long-term disability worldwide. Functional outcome depends on stroke location, severity, and early intervention. Conventional rehabilitation strategies have limited effectiveness, and new treatments still fail to keep pace, in part due to a lack of understanding of the different stages in brain recovery and the vast heterogeneity in the poststroke population.

Diagnostic value of combined magnetic resonance imaging examination of brachial plexus and electrophysiological studies in multifocal motor neuropathy.

Background/aim: Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is an immune-mediated disorder characterised by slowly progressive asymetrical weakness of limbs without sensory loss. The objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of brachial plexus using combined cervical magnetic stimulation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of plexus brachialis in patients with MMN. We payed special attention to the nerve roots forming nerves inervating weak muscles, but without detectable conduction block (CB) using conventional nerve conduction studies.