Evaluating the Usage of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Rheumatology and Its Impact on Cardiovascular Risk.

Background/purpose Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have been widely used in treating rheumatological conditions like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Despite their efficacy, there are concerns regarding major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with JAK inhibitors. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of MACE, VTE, and the impact on lipid profiles in patients being treated with JAK inhibitors.

Stool Sampling as a Non-invasive Method to Confirm Miliary Tuberculosis in a Patient With a History of HIV Infection.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by , remains a major global health challenge despite medical advancements. We present here a case of a 44-year-old male with a history of HIV infection and inconsistent treatment adherence. The patient exhibited weight loss and miliary lesions on a computed tomography (CT) scan, prompting suspicion of pulmonary TB.

A Case of Primary Biliary Cholangitis in a Patient With Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes demyelination in the brain and spinal cord, leading to significant neurological disability in young adults. Patients with MS are predisposed to other autoimmune disorders, though the co-occurrence of MS and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is rare. PBC is an autoimmune liver disease that affects bile ducts, leading to cholestasis and liver cirrhosis, predominantly in women aged over 40 years.

Unmasking Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis in a Patient With Lupus Nephritis.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a persistent autoimmune disease where the immune system produces autoantibodies against nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens, leading to multi-organ involvement. Typically, nephrotic-range proteinuria is indicative of proliferative or membranous lupus nephritis. However, on rare occasions, patients with SLE and nephrotic syndrome may exhibit focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) lesions upon kidney biopsy.

Wernicke Encephalopathy in a Patient With Bipolar Disorder: A Case Report.

Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is a combination of neurological findings including confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. It is most commonly associated with patients who have a history of alcohol abuse. This aspect leads to the majority of cases going undiagnosed in non-alcoholic patients who have other potential thiamine deficiency-causing conditions such as malignancy, chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis, hyperemesis gravidarum, and psychiatric disorders leading to starvation and malnourishment.

Prosthetic Aortic Valve Obstruction With Pannus Formation, an Approach for Diagnosis and Management: A Case Report.

Mechanical valve obstructions are critical medical and surgical emergencies that require immediate attention when patients present with new complaints and exhibit signs such as the onset of murmurs or the disappearance of mechanical valve clicks. Obstructions can arise from various causes, including pannus formation, thrombus, vegetations, or subvalvular tissue growth. While pannus formations have been previously reported for the mitral valve, they are less commonly observed in the aortic valve, and several hypotheses have been proposed to understand pannus formation.

Tick-Borne Myopericarditis With Positive Anaplasma, Lyme, and Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Serology: A Case Report.

Myopericarditis has been reported only rarely in those with anaplasmosis and is typically difficult to diagnose. Lyme carditis can also be difficult to diagnose as it is relatively rare but potentially fatal and usually has nonspecific manifestations. We are presenting a 61-year-old male patient who presented in New Jersey, United States with unremitting fever, chills, and myalgia for two weeks along with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Staphylococcus lugdunensis Infective Endocarditis With Mitral Valve Vegetations in a Hemodialysis Patient With Recurrent Arteriovenous Fistula Cannulation: A Case Report.

Infective endocarditis is a severe medical condition that occurs when the endocardium of the heart gets infected by different microorganisms, including coagulase-negative staphylococci such as . The source of infection is often related to procedures done in the groin area, such as femoral catheterization for cardiac catheterization, vasectomy, or central line placement in an already infected mitral or aortic valve. Herein, we are discussing a case of a 55-year-old female with a past medical history of end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis with a history of recurrent cannulation of her arteriovenous (AV) fistula.

Cannabis-Induced ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction With Possible Coronary Artery Dissection: A Case Report.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is a rare and commonly underdiagnosed cause of acute coronary syndrome. Here, we report the case of a 36-year-old male patient who presented with an acute onset of left-sided chest pain, preceded by several hours of nausea and vomiting. Past medical history was significant for chronic marijuana use and multiple episodes of nausea and vomiting requiring multiple hospitalizations.

Renal Vein Thrombosis Treated With Apixaban in a Patient With COVID-19: A Case Report.

Renal vein thrombosis (RVT) is a rare condition characterized by the formation of a blood clot in one or both of the renal veins. Bilateral involvement is more common, but when the condition affects only one side, it usually occurs on the left due to more extensive venous vasculature compared to the right side. RVT can be caused by various factors such as trauma, dehydration, malignancy, and a hypercoagulable state.