Quantifying inflammation using interleukin-6 for improved phenotyping and risk stratification in acute heart failure.

Aims: Systemic inflammation may be central in the pathophysiology of acute heart failure (AHF). We aimed to assess the possible role of systemic inflammation in the pathophysiology, phenotyping, and risk stratification of patients with AHF.

Methods And Results: Using a novel Interleukin-6 immunoassay with unprecedented sensitivity (limit of detection 0.