Analysis of early childhood intestinal microbial dynamics in a continuous-flow bioreactor.

Background: The human gut microbiota is inoculated at birth and undergoes a process of assembly and diversification during the first few years of life. Studies in mice and humans have revealed associations between the early-life gut microbiome and future susceptibility to immune and metabolic diseases. To resolve microbe and host contributing factors to early-life development and to disease states requires experimental platforms that support reproducible, longitudinal, and high-content analyses.

Asymmetric Entry into 10-aza-Analogues of Alkaloids Reveals a Pronounced Electronic Effect on Antiviral Activity.

Development of a chiral pool-based synthesis of 10-aza-analogues of biologically active alkaloids is described, involving a concise reductive amination and condensation sequence, leading to ring-B/C-modified, fully functionalized ring-C derivatives. Differentiated anticancer and antiviral activities of these analogues are presented. Despite complete conformational and functional group overlap, the 10-aza-analogues have diminished anticancer activity and no antiviral activity.

One-pot, multicomponent synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted quinazolin-ones with potent and selective activity against Toxoplasma gondii.

The discovery of two quinazolinones with selective, single-digit micromolar activity (IC = 6-7 µM) against the tachyzoites of the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is reported. These potent and selective third generation derivatives contain a benzyloxybenzyl substituent at C2 and a bulky aliphatic moiety at N3. Here we show that these quinazolinones inhibit T.

Discovery of potent antiviral (HSV-1) quinazolinones and initial structure-activity relationship studies.

The discovery of antiviral activity of 2,3-disubstituted quinazolinones, prepared by a one-pot, three-component condensation of isatoic anhydride with amines and aldehydes, against Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)-1 is reported. Sequential iterative synthesis/antiviral assessment allowed structure-activity relationship (SAR) generation revealing synergistic structural features required for potent anti-HSV-1 activity. The most potent derivatives show greater efficacy than acyclovir against acute HSV-1 infections in neurons and minimal toxicity to the host.