Antimicrobial resistance in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Frequent use of antibiotics in patients with COVID-19 threatens to exacerbate antimicrobial resistance. We aimed to establish the prevalence and predictors of bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance in patients with COVID-19.

Methods: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of bacterial co-infections (identified within ≤48 h of presentation) and secondary infections (>48 h after presentation) in outpatients or hospitalised patients with COVID-19.

Clinical findings and patient outcomes following surgical treatment of chronic gastrointestinal foreign body obstructions in dogs and cats: 72 cases (2010-2020).

The objective of this study was to characterize clinicopathologic factors and outcomes for dogs and cats with chronic small intestinal foreign body obstructions (CFBO). Medical records of 72 dogs and cats diagnosed with CFBO between 2010 to 2020 were reviewed for duration of clinical signs, pre-surgical and intraoperative findings, complications, and outcomes. A chronic foreign body was defined as clinical signs, or the observation of foreign material ingestion, at least 7 days prior to presentation.

Predictors and microbiology of respiratory and bloodstream bacterial infection in patients with COVID-19: living rapid review update and meta-regression.

Background: The prevalence of bacterial infection in patients with COVID-19 is low, however, empiric antibiotic use is high. Risk stratification may be needed to minimize unnecessary empiric antibiotic use.

Objective: To identify risk factors and microbiology associated with respiratory and bloodstream bacterial infection in patients with COVID-19.

Using a behavioural framework to optimize antibiotic prescribing by family medicine residents.

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Overprescribing of antibiotics in primary care is a prominent concern in the context of increasing antimicrobial resistance worldwide.

Nurse Prompting for Prescriber-Led Review of Antimicrobial Use in the Critical Care Unit.

Background: Developing a sustainable strategy for prescriber-led review of antimicrobial use in a critical care unit may improve antimicrobial use without the need for additional resources.

Methods: Using a quality improvement framework, the researchers created a prompt for prescriber-led review of antimicrobial use. The outcome measure was antimicrobial use (days of therapy per 1000 patient days).

Implementation of a Clinical Decision Support Tool to Improve Antibiotic IV-to-Oral Conversion Rates at a Community Academic Hospital.

Background: Antibiotic IV-to-oral (IV-PO) conversion is a key initiative of antimicrobial stewardship programs. Guidelines and education are commonly described interventions to promote IV-PO conversion; however, technological interventions may be more effective in changing practice.

Objective: To determine the impact of a clinical decision support (CDS) tool on the adoption and sustainability of an antibiotic IV-PO conversion program at a community academic hospital.

E0771 and 4T1 murine breast cancer cells and interleukin 6 alter gene expression patterns but do not induce browning in cultured white adipocytes.

Breast cancer remains a substantial clinical problem worldwide, and cancer-associated cachexia is a condition associated with poor prognosis in this and other malignancies. Adipose tissue is involved in the development and progression of cancer-associated cachexia, but its various roles and mechanisms of action are not completely defined, especially as it relates to breast cancer. Interleukin 6 has been implicated in several mechanisms contributing to increased breast cancer tumorigenesis, as well as a net-negative energy balance and cancer-associated cachexia via adipose tissue remodeling in other models of cancer; however, its potential role in breast cancer-associated white adipose browning has not been explored.

Point-of-Care β-Lactam Allergy Skin Testing by Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs: A Pragmatic Multicenter Prospective Evaluation.

Background: β-lactam allergy skin testing (BLAST) is recommended by antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) guidelines, yet few studies have systematically evaluated its impact when delivered at point of care.

Methods: We conducted a pragmatic multicenter prospective evaluation of the use of point-of-care BLAST by ASPs. In staggered 3-month intervals, ASP teams at 3 hospitals received training by allergists to offer BLAST for eligible patients with infectious diseases receiving nonpreferred therapy due to severity of their reported allergy.