Proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics, and atopy increase the risk of eosinophilic esophagitis in children with esophageal atresia.

Objective: To determine whether proton pump inhibitor (PPI) exposure is associated with an increased risk of developing eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in children with esophageal atresia (EA).

Study Design: A retrospective chart review of children with EA from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2020 was undertaken at Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick. Children with EA and EoE (cases) were matched (1:2) to children with only EA (controls) to compare PPI exposure.

Spectroscopy of 3D-trapped particles inside a hollow-core microstructured optical fiber.

We report on the demonstration of three-dimensional optical trapping inside the core of a hollow-core microstructured optical fiber specifically designed and fabricated for this purpose. Optical trapping was achieved by means of an external tweezers beam incident transversely on the fiber and focused through the fiber cladding. Trapping was achieved for a range of particle sizes from 1 to 5 µm, and manipulation of the particles in three-dimensions through the entire cross-section of the fiber core was demonstrated.